acthub.beta

Pension Schemes Act 2026

Annotations (deep links, case law, amendment diffs) are only shown on the latest in-force version. Viewing a historical or point-in-time version.View latest →
307amendments tabled against this printing

A bill to Make provision about pension schemes; and for connected purposes.

Be it enacted by the King’s most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:—

Part 1 — Defined benefit pensions

Chapter 1 — Local government pension schemes

1 Asset pool companies

(1) Scheme regulations relating to a scheme for local government workers for England and Wales which has pension funds may make provision about, or in connection with, asset pool companies and participation in asset pool companies by the scheme managers.
(2) The provision which may be made under subsection (1) includes provision—
(a) imposing requirements or prohibitions on scheme managers;
(b) enabling the Secretary of State, in prescribed circumstances, to give a direction to a scheme manager requiring the manager—
(i) to participate in an asset pool company specified in the direction, or
(ii) to cease to participate in an asset pool company so specified;
(c) imposing requirements or prohibitions on asset pool companies;
(d) enabling or requiring the Secretary of State to issue guidance to asset pool companies;
(e) enabling the Secretary of State, in prescribed circumstances, to give a direction to an asset pool company—
(i) requiring it to comply with guidance issued as mentioned in paragraph (d) (where the Secretary of State is satisfied that it is failing, or has failed, to do so without good reason),
(ii) as to the manner in which it is to carry out any specified investment management activities, or
(iii) requiring it to take, or not to take, a specified decision in carrying out any specified investment management activities.
(3) In subsection (2)(e)(ii) and (iii)
specified means specified in the direction;
investment management activities means activities involved in or connected with the management of funds and other assets.
(4) Scheme regulations making provision mentioned in subsection (2)(a) may (among other things)—
(a) require a scheme manager to participate in an asset pool company with a view to that company managing the funds and other assets of the scheme for which the scheme manager is responsible;
(b) prohibit a scheme manager from participating in more than one asset pool company at the same time (subject to any transitional arrangements permitted by the regulations where a scheme manager participating in one company decides to participate instead in another company);
(c) require the scheme managers for the time being participating in an asset pool company to take steps to secure the grant of FCA authorisation to the company for carrying out prescribed activities.
(5) Scheme regulations making provision mentioned in subsection (2)(c) may (among other things) require an asset pool company to take steps to secure the grant of FCA authorisation to the company for carrying out prescribed activities.
(6) In subsections (4)(c) and (5)
activities means activities which—
(a) are activities of a kind that an asset pool company could carry out, and
(b) require FCA authorisation;
FCA authorisation means authorisation by the Financial Conduct Authority under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000;
(7) For the purposes of this Chapter—
(a) “asset pool company” means a company registered in England and Wales which is established—
(i) to manage the funds and other assets for which its participating scheme managers are responsible, and
(ii) to make and manage investments on behalf of those scheme managers (whether directly or through one or more collective investment vehicles), and
(b) a scheme manager participates in an asset pool company by—
(i) being a shareholder of the company, or
(ii) contracting with the company for it to manage the funds and other assets for which the scheme manager is responsible.

2 Asset management

(1) Where scheme regulations relating to a scheme for local government workers for England and Wales make provision under section 1(1), the regulations must make provision about the management of the funds and other assets for which the scheme managers are responsible.
(2) The provision made by virtue of subsection (1) must include provision for securing that (among other things)—
(a) each scheme manager formulates, publishes and keeps under review an investment strategy,
(b) the funds or other assets for which a scheme manager is responsible (other than money needed for making payments under the scheme from the pension fund maintained by that scheme manager) are—
(i) held on behalf of the scheme manager by an asset pool company in which the scheme manager participates (subject to any transitional arrangements permitted by the regulations in relation to the transfer of funds or assets to the company), and
(ii) properly managed by that company with a view to implementing the scheme manager’s investment strategy, and
(c) the scheme managers co-operate with the strategic authorities to identify and develop appropriate investment opportunities.
(3) The provision made by virtue of subsection (1) may include, in particular, provision about—
(a) sources of advice that a scheme manager must, or may, use in formulating its investment strategy, and
(b) matters that must, or may, be covered by an investment strategy.
(4) The matters referred to in subsection (3)(b) include—
(a) the scheme manager’s approach to responsible investment,
(b) the scheme manager’s approach to local investments, and
(c) strategic asset allocation or target ranges for growth and income.
(5) In this section—
investment strategy means a statement of a scheme manager’s objectives, priorities and preferences in relation to the investment of the funds and other assets for which it is responsible;
local investments, in relation to a scheme manager, means investments in, or for the benefit of persons living or working in—
(a) the scheme manager’s area, or
(b) the areas of the other scheme managers participating in the same asset pool company as the scheme manager;
strategic authorities means—
(a) the Greater London Authority,
(b) a combined authority in England established under section 103 of the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009,
(c) a combined county authority in England established under section 9(1) of the Levelling-up and Regeneration Act 2023,
(d) any other local authority in England of a description prescribed for the purposes of this paragraph in scheme regulations, and
(e) a corporate joint committee in Wales established by regulations under Part 5 of the Local Government and Elections (Wales) Act 2021 (asc 1).

3 Exemption from public procurement rules

(1) Subsections (2) and (3) modify the effect of paragraph 2 of Schedule 2 to the Procurement Act 2023 (exempted contracts: vertical arrangements) in its application to the investment management activities of an asset pool company.
(2) A scheme manager of a scheme for local government workers for England and Wales who participates in the asset pool company by contracting with the company as mentioned in section 1(7)(b)(ii) above is to be regarded—
(a) as a contracting authority for the purposes of paragraph 2 of Schedule 2, and
(b) as a parent undertaking in relation to that company for the purposes of paragraph 2(2)(a) of that Schedule.
(3) Investment management activities carried out by the asset pool company for or on behalf of another asset pool company (or the participants in another asset pool company) are to be regarded for the purposes of the condition set out in paragraph 2(2)(c) (more than 80% of the activities carried out by the asset pool company to be carried out for or on behalf of the persons mentioned in sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii)) as carried out for or on behalf of the contracting authorities.
(4) In this section “investment management activities” means activities involved in or connected with the management of funds and other assets for which two or more scheme managers are responsible.

4 Scheme manager governance reviews

(1) Scheme regulations relating to a scheme for local government workers for England and Wales which has pension funds may make provision for or in connection with—
(a) the carrying out of periodic or ad hoc governance reviews of individual scheme managers,
(b) the issuing by the Secretary of State of guidance to persons carrying out governance reviews about the carrying out of such reviews, and
(c) functions of the Secretary of State in response to a report of such a review.
(2) For this purpose, in relation to any scheme manager—
(a) a governance review is a review of the governance of the scheme so far as administered by the scheme manager, and the performance and effectiveness of the scheme manager, over a period (“the period of review”);
(b) a periodic governance review is a governance review that is required by a provision of scheme regulations to take place—
(i) within a prescribed period after the commencement of that provision, or
(ii) within a prescribed period after the completion of a previous governance review,
in respect of a period of review prescribed by or determined under the regulations;
(c) an ad hoc governance review is a governance review that is required by scheme regulations to take place—
(i) where a direction to carry out a governance review has been given to the scheme manager by the Secretary of State (if a power to give such a direction has been conferred by the regulations), in respect of a period of review specified in the direction, or
(ii) in prescribed circumstances (other than the passage of time since the most recent completed governance review) , in respect of a period of review prescribed by or determined under the regulations.
(3) The period of review for the first governance review of a scheme manager may include time before the commencement of the regulations providing for governance reviews to take place.
(4) Scheme regulations which make provision for the carrying out of governance reviews must make provision—
(a) requiring governance reviews to be carried out independently of the scheme manager being reviewed and the Secretary of State, but under arrangements made by and at the expense of that scheme manager;
(b) requiring the person carrying out a governance review, as soon as practicable after completing the review, to—
(i) prepare a report on the review, and
(ii) send a copy of the report to the Secretary of State and the scheme manager being reviewed; and
(c) requiring the scheme manager to publish the report.

5 Mergers of funds

In Schedule 3 to PSPA 2013 (scope of scheme regulations: supplementary matters), in paragraph 11 (pension funds) at the end insert—
In the case of a scheme for local government workers this also includes merger (including compulsory merger) of two or more separate pension funds.

6 Amendments of 2013 Act relating to scheme regulations

(1) PSPA 2013 is amended as follows.
(2) In section 3 (scheme regulations)—
(a) in subsection (1), after “2022” insert “and Chapter 1 of Part 1 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025”, and
(b) in subsection (2), after paragraph (c) insert—
(d) consequential, supplementary, incidental or transitional provision in relation to any provision of Chapter 1 of Part 1 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025.”
(3) In section 21 (consultation), after subsection (4) insert—
(5) Subsection (1) may be satisfied, in relation to provision contained in scheme regulations—
(a) made under any provision of Chapter 1 of Part 1 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025, or
(b) made under section 3(2)(d) above,
by consultation carried out before, as well as after, the coming into force of the provision mentioned in paragraph (a) or of section 6(2)(b) of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 (as the case may be).

7 Interpretation of Chapter 1

(1) In this Chapter—
asset pool company has the meaning given by section 1(7)(a);
local government worker has the same meaning as in PSPA 2013 (see paragraph 3 of Schedule 1 to that Act);
management and related expressions, in relation to the funds and assets of a scheme for local government workers, include (among other things)—
(a) buying, selling or holding assets;
(b) setting asset allocation;
(c) establishing and managing pooled investment vehicles;
(d) selecting investments;
(e) acting as a responsible investor (including by acting as a shareholder in an investee company);
(f) deciding whether to develop or use internal investment management capability or external investment managers;
(g) managing cash flow;
PSPA 2013 means the Public Service Pensions Act 2013;
participates and related expressions, in relation to an asset pool company, are to be interpreted in accordance with section 1(7)(b);
prescribed means prescribed by scheme regulations;
scheme means a scheme (within the meaning of PSPA 2013) established under section 1 of that Act;
scheme manager, in relation to a scheme for local government workers, means a person who is a scheme manager by virtue of section 4(5) of PSPA 2013 (being a person responsible for the local administration of pensions and other benefits payable under the scheme who maintains a pension fund for the purposes of providing pensions and other benefits under its part of the scheme);
scheme regulations means regulations made under section 1 of PSPA 2013.
(2) A reference in this Chapter to the funds and other assets for which a scheme manager is responsible is to the funds and other assets which are (or should be) held as part of its pension fund for the purpose of providing pensions and other benefits under its part of a scheme for local government workers.
(3) Nothing in this Chapter is to be taken as affecting the generality of the powers conferred by section 1 or 3(1) of, or any provision of Schedule 3 to, PSPA 2013.

Chapter 2 — Powers to pay surplus to employer

8 Power to modify scheme to allow for payment of surplus to employer

(1) In the Pensions Act 1995, before section 37 insert—

36B Power to modify scheme in relation to payment of surplus to employer

(1) ​The trustees of a trust scheme may by resolution modify the scheme in accordance with subsection (2) or (3).
(2) Where no power is conferred on any person to make payments to the employer out of funds held for the purposes of the scheme, the resolution may confer a power to do so on the trustees, subject to any restrictions specified in the resolution.
(3) Where a power is exercisable by the trustees (whether or not by virtue of subsection (2)) to make payments to the employer out of funds held for the purposes of the scheme, the resolution may remove or relax any restriction imposed by the scheme on the exercise of the power.
(4) This section does not apply—
(a) to a scheme that is being wound up, or
(b) to a scheme of a prescribed description.
(5) The reference in subsection (3) to a restriction imposed by the scheme includes a restriction imposed by virtue of a resolution under section 251 of the Pensions Act 2004 (which was repealed by section 8(2) of the Pension Schemes Act 2025) or this section.
(6) See also section 37 (which limits the circumstances in which a power to make payments of surplus may be exercised).
(2) In the Pensions Act 2004, omit section 251 (old resolution procedure in relation to payments of surplus).
(3) Subsection (2) does not affect the validity of a resolution passed under the section it repeals.

9 Restrictions on exercise of power to pay surplus

(1) Section 37 of the Pensions Act 1995 (restrictions on power to pay surplus to employer) is amended in accordance with subsections (2) to (5).
(2) After subsection (2) insert—
(2A) The power referred to in subsection (1)(a) may be exercised only so far as permitted by, and only in accordance with, regulations.
(2B) Regulations must be made under subsection (2A)
(a) prohibiting the making of a payment unless an actuary of a prescribed description (“the relevant actuary”) is satisfied that prescribed conditions are met in relation to the value of the scheme’s assets and the amount of its liabilities,
(b) making provision about the basis (or bases) on which the value of the scheme’s assets and the amount of its liabilities are to be determined for that purpose,
(c) requiring the relevant actuary to give a certificate before a payment is made, and
(d) requiring members of the scheme to be notified in relation to a payment before it is made.
(2C) The provision that may be made by regulations under subsection (2A) includes provision—
(a) about other conditions that must be met in order for the making of a payment to be permitted;
(b) about the giving of certificates by the relevant actuary, including about the form and content of a certificate;
(c) prohibiting the making of a payment without the employer’s consent;
(d) in relation to a superfund scheme (within the meaning of Part 3 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025)—
(i) prohibiting the making of a payment in all circumstances;
(ii) prohibiting the making of a payment without the Authority’s consent.
(2D) The power referred to in subsection (1)(a) may not be exercised if there is a freezing order in force in relation to the scheme under section 23 of the Pensions Act 2004.
(3) Omit subsections (3) and (4).
(4) In subsection (6)(a), for “the requirements of this section” substitute “subsection (2A)”.
(5) In subsection (8)—
(a) omit “in prescribed circumstances”;
(b) after “modifications,” insert “in prescribed circumstances or”.
(6) In section 76 (excess assets on winding up), for subsection (8) substitute—
(8) Regulations may provide that this section does not apply, or applies with prescribed modifications, in prescribed circumstances or to schemes of a prescribed description.
(7) In section 175 of the Pensions Act 1995 (parliamentary control of orders and regulations)—
(a) in subsection (1), for “(2), (2A) and (3)” substitute “(2) to (3)”;
(b) in subsection (2A), after “section” insert “37(2A),”;
(c) after subsection (2A) insert—
(2B) Any provision that may be made by regulations or an order under this Act subject to the procedure described in subsection (1) may instead be made by regulations subject to the procedure described in subsection (2).

Part 2 — Defined contribution pensions

Chapter 1 — Value for money

10 Relevant schemes: value for money

(1) The Secretary of State may make regulations (“value for money regulations”) for the purpose of evaluating, and promoting best practice with regard to, the provision of value for money by—
(a) prescribed descriptions of relevant pension schemes (“regulated VFM schemes”), and
(b) prescribed descriptions of arrangements under relevant pension schemes (“regulated VFM arrangements”).
(2) Value for money regulations may in particular require responsible trustees or managers to—
(a) make, and publish (in whole or part) reports of, assessments (“VFM assessments”) of the performance of—
(i) regulated VFM schemes, or
(ii) regulated VFM arrangements,
with regard to the provision of value for money in respect of prescribed periods (“VFM periods”);
(b) notify the Pensions Regulator of any publication they make under paragraph (a);
(c) publish or share with prescribed persons in respect of—
(i) regulated VFM schemes or (as the case may be) regulated VFM arrangements, and
(ii) VFM periods,
prescribed categories of information (“metric data”) for the purpose of enabling VFM assessments to be made (with respect to the scheme or arrangement in question and other regulated VFM schemes or regulated VFM arrangements).
(3) A duty to publish information under subsection (2)(c) may be a duty to publish the information for a specified period.
(4) Where value for money regulations require responsible trustees or managers to make a VFM assessment with respect to a scheme or arrangement, the regulations may require those trustees or managers to—
(a) assign to the scheme or arrangement, and set out in the VFM assessment, a rating for that period (a “VFM rating”), and
(b) notify the Pensions Regulator of the rating.
(5) Value for money regulations may specify—
(a) the method for calculating anything that is to be calculated under the regulations;
(b) the time at or by which anything required to be done under the regulations must be done.
(6) In complying with value for money regulations a person must have regard to any guidance issued from time to time by the Secretary of State.
(7) The Secretary of State must consult with such persons as the Secretary of State considers appropriate before—
(a) making value for money regulations;
(b) issuing guidance under subsection (6).
(8) In this Chapter “responsible trustees or managers” means any of the following—
(a) trustees or managers of a regulated VFM scheme;
(b) trustees or managers of a relevant pension scheme any arrangements under which are regulated VFM arrangements.
(9) Nothing in this Chapter prejudices the breadth of subsections (1) and (2).
(10) Subject to subsection (11), value for money regulations are subject to the affirmative procedure.
(11) Any exercise, after the first, of the power to prescribe categories of information by virtue of subsection (2)(c) is subject to the negative procedure.
(12) Subject to subsection (13), in this Chapter “relevant pension scheme” means a money purchase scheme that is an occupational pension scheme.
(13) Value for money regulations may provide that where an occupational pension scheme provides money purchase benefits in conjunction with other benefits, references in this Chapter (other than this subsection) to the occupational pension scheme are to an occupational pension scheme only to the extent that it provides money purchase benefits.

11 Publication etc of metric data

(1) Categories of information prescribed under section 10(2)(c) may for example relate to
(a) the quality of services provided to members of the scheme or (as the case may be) arrangement;
(b) classes of assets invested in;
(c) investment performance;
(d) costs incurred by the scheme or (as the case may be) arrangement;
(e) charges on members or employers in relation to the scheme or (as the case may be) arrangement.
(2) Value for money regulations made by virtue of section 10(2)(c) may—
(a) specify time limits within which metric data in respect of a VFM period must be published or shared;
(b) make provision about the form in which and the means by which metric data is to be published or shared;
(c) require the published or shared information to deal separately with different cohorts of members of the scheme or (as the case may be) arrangement;
(d) require a person appointed under the regulations to make available, for the publication of metric data, an electronic database (operated by that person);
(e) require responsible trustees or managers, on publishing or sharing any information under regulations made by virtue of section 10(2)(c), to notify the Pensions Regulator—
(i) of the publication of the information and where it is published, or
(ii) (as the case requires) of the sharing of the information.
(3) Value for money regulations made by virtue of section 10(2)(c) may require the Pensions Regulator to—
(a) determine the form in which metric data must be published or shared, and
(b) publish, or share with the Secretary of State and responsible trustees or managers, details of the form so specified.

12 VFM assessments

(1) Value for money regulations made by virtue of section 10(2)(a) may—
(a) require responsible trustees or managers to compare (in respect of a VFM period) a scheme’s or arrangement’s metric data with—
(i) the metric data of a prescribed number (or prescribed minimum number) of other schemes or arrangements (“comparator” schemes or arrangements) selected by the trustees or managers, or
(ii) one or more relevant benchmarks;
(b) make other provision about the method for comparing and evaluating the performance of schemes or arrangements, for example provision about—
(i) factors that may or must be considered;
(ii) criteria to be used in comparing performance;
(iii) the use and evaluation of evidence;
(c) make provision about how the results of comparisons are to be taken into account in making determinations under section 14(1) (determinations for the purposes of assigning ratings);
(d) make provision about the eligibility of—
(i) relevant pension schemes for selection as comparator schemes;
(ii) arrangements under relevant pension schemes for selection as comparator arrangements;
(e) specify factors that responsible trustees or managers must take into account when selecting comparator schemes or comparator arrangements.
(2) Without prejudice to the breadth of subsection (1)(b)(i), factors prescribed in accordance with that provision may for example include—
(a) factors relating to differences in the composition of the membership of different schemes or arrangements;
(b) special features or characteristics of schemes or arrangements that are taken into account in their investment strategies.
(3) In this section “relevant benchmark” means—
(a) a benchmark specified in value for money regulations;
(b) if value for money regulations so provide, a benchmark approved and published by the Pensions Regulator.

13 Member satisfaction surveys

(1) Value for money regulations may—
(a) require responsible trustees or managers to—
(i) issue VFM member satisfaction survey forms to relevant members from time to time as directed by the relevant authority;
(ii) make reports (“survey data reports”) of information returned in such forms;
(b) provide that survey data reports (or survey data reports that meet prescribed conditions) relating to a VFM period are to be regarded as metric data for the purposes of this Chapter;
(c) require the relevant authority to carry out consultation before issuing forms under paragraph (a);
(d) if regulations are made under paragraph (c), make provision about who must be consulted.
(2) In this section—
relevant authority means whichever of the Secretary of State or the Pensions Regulator is designated in the regulations as the relevant authority;
relevant member means—
(a) in relation to a responsible trustee or manager within section 10(8)(a), a member of the relevant pension scheme concerned;
(b) in relation to a responsible trustee or manager within section 10(8)(b), a member of an arrangement by virtue of which the trustee or manager is a responsible trustee or manager;
VFM member satisfaction survey form means a request, in a form approved by the relevant authority, for inviting from relevant members information regarding their level of satisfaction with the service provided by the scheme or arrangement (as the case requires).

14 VFM ratings

(1) Responsible trustees or managers who are required by virtue of section 10(4)(a) to assign a VFM rating to a scheme or arrangement in respect of a VFM period (the “relevant period”) must assign to the scheme or (as the case requires) arrangement—
(a) a “fully delivering” rating if the responsible trustees or managers determine that the scheme or arrangement is delivering value for money;
(b) a “not delivering” rating if—
(i) the responsible trustees or managers determine that the scheme or arrangement is not delivering value for money, and
(ii) Condition A, B or C of subsection (2) is met;
(c) in any other case, an intermediate rating.
(2) For the purposes of subsection (1)(b)(ii)
(a) Condition A is met if the responsible trustees or managers determine that there is no realistic prospect of the scheme or (as the case may be) arrangement delivering value for money within a reasonable period;
(b) Condition B is met if the responsible trustees or managers have assigned an intermediate rating to the scheme or arrangement in each of a prescribed number of VFM periods immediately preceding the relevant period;
(c) Condition C is met if the Pensions Regulator notifies the responsible trustees or managers that the Regulator—
(i) considers that the responsible trustees or managers have failed to comply with an improvement plan or an action plan relating to the scheme or arrangement (and the VFM period), and
(ii) does not consider the failures to be so minor that they should be ignored.
(3) Value for money regulations must specify the number of grades of intermediate rating.
(4) If value for money regulations provide that there are to be two or more intermediate ratings, the regulations—
(a) may name each of those ratings;
(b) must specify the conditions for assigning each of those ratings.
(5) Where, apart from this subsection, a scheme or arrangement would be assigned a “not delivering” rating in respect of a VFM period by virtue of Condition B of subsection (2) being met, the Pensions Regulator may, if it considers that prescribed conditions are met, by notice to the scheme or arrangement authorise the responsible trustees or managers to assign to the scheme or arrangement (instead of a “not delivering” rating) any intermediate rating the Pensions Regulator considers appropriate.
(6) In this Chapter “action plan”, in relation to a regulated VFM scheme or regulated VFM arrangement, means an plan under section 15(2)(c) or 16(1)(a) which—
(a) sets out the responsible trustees’ or managers’ assessment as to whether or not transferring the benefits of the members (under the scheme or arrangement) to another scheme or arrangement could reasonably be expected to result in the generality of those members receiving improved long-term value for money, and
(b) proposes measures (or options for measures) for improving the position (with regard to value for money) of members or subsets of members of the scheme or arrangement.
(7) An action plan may not include a proposal to transfer the benefits (under the scheme or arrangement) of some or all of the members of that scheme or arrangement unless the responsible trustees or managers determine that the proposed transfer could reasonably be expected to result in the generality of those members receiving improved long-term value for money.
(8) Value for money regulations may make further provision about what may or must be included in an action plan.

15 Consequences of an intermediate rating

(1) Value for money regulations may make provision about the consequences of the assigning under section 14(1) of an intermediate rating to a regulated VFM scheme or regulated VFM arrangement in respect of a VFM period.
(2) Without prejudice to the breadth of subsection (1), value for money regulations may require responsible trustees or managers of a scheme or arrangement to which any grade of intermediate rating has been assigned to—
(a) prepare a plan (an “improvement plan”) specifying actions that the responsible trustees or managers propose to take with a view to improving the scheme’s or (as the case may be) arrangement’s performance with regard to the provision of value for money;
(b) provide a copy of the plan to the Pensions Regulator;
(c) prepare an action plan and provide a copy of it to the Pensions Regulator;
(d) give notice in a prescribed format to any person who is a participating employer in relation to the scheme or arrangement of—
(i) the VFM rating that has effect in relation to the scheme or arrangement);
(ii) any actions specified by virtue of paragraph (a) in an improvement plan;
(iii) any actions the trustees or managers consider it is appropriate for the employer to take having regard to the rating assigned to the scheme or arrangement;
(e) ensure that no person becomes an employer in relation to the scheme or arrangement for as long as the scheme or (as the case may be) arrangement continues to have an intermediate rating;
(f) take any other steps that may be prescribed.
(3) Value for money regulations may—
(a) make further provision about what may or must be included in an improvement plan;
(b) confer additional functions on the Pensions Regulator in connection with schemes that are assigned an intermediate rating.
(4) In this section—
employer, in relation to a regulated VFM scheme or regulated VFM arrangement, means a person who employs persons who are members of the scheme or (as the case requires) arrangement;
participating employer in relation to a regulated VFM scheme or regulated VFM arrangement, means an employer who is for the time being making contributions to the scheme or (as the case requires) arrangement.

16 Consequences of a “not delivering” rating

(1) A regulated VFM scheme or regulated VFM arrangement to which a “not delivering” rating has been assigned (an “affected” scheme or arrangement) must—
(a) prepare an action plan and provide a copy of it to the Pensions Regulator;
(b) give notice in a prescribed format to any person who is a participating employer in relation to the scheme or arrangement of—
(i) the VFM rating that has effect in relation to the scheme or arrangement);
(ii) any actions the trustees or managers consider it appropriate for the employer to take having regard to the “not delivering” rating;
(c) ensure that with effect from the publication of the VFM assessment in which the rating is set out no person is to become an employer in relation to the scheme or (as the case may be) arrangement;
(d) take any other steps that may be prescribed.
(2) Where a transfer solution (see subsection (3)) applies to an affected scheme or arrangement, the Pensions Regulator may—
(a) require the responsible trustees or managers to transfer the accrued rights and benefits of (all or a subset of) the members of the scheme or arrangement to be transferred to a pension scheme (or arrangement under a pension scheme) that—
(i) is selected by the responsible trustees or managers, and
(ii) meets prescribed conditions;
(b) specify conditions that must be met by a scheme or arrangement selected under paragraph (a).
(3) For the purposes of subsection (2), a transfer solution applies to an affected scheme or arrangement if—
(a) the Pensions Regulator considers that—
(i) the transfer solution could reasonably be expected to result in the generality of the members of the scheme or arrangement receiving improved long-term value for money, and
(ii) the measures proposed under section 14(6)(b) in the action plan of the scheme or arrangement are unlikely to result in its achieving an intermediate (or “fully delivering”) rating or substantially improving its performance with regard to the provision of value for money, and
(b) any prescribed conditions are met.
(4) Value for money regulations may make provision—
(a) about the process for transferring accrued rights and benefits under subsection (2) (which may for example include provision for restricting or prohibiting administrative costs and as to time limits);
(b) conferring on the Pensions Regulator power to direct the trustees or managers of the affected scheme to do things permitted or required by the regulations;
(c) conferring a discretion on the Pensions Regulator;
(d) about the winding up of a relevant scheme in circumstances where the accrued rights and benefits the members are, or are to be, transferred out of the scheme.
(5) Value for money regulations may provide that where prescribed conditions are met the Pensions Regulator may, if it thinks appropriate on an application by responsible trustees or managers of a scheme or arrangement to which a “not delivering” rating has been assigned (in respect of a VFM period)—
(a) decide that subsection (1)(c)(ii) is not to apply in relation to that “not delivering” rating, and
(b) notify the trustees or managers of the decision.
(6) In this section
employer has the same meaning as in section 15;
participating employer has the same meaning as in section 15.

17 Compliance and oversight

(1) Value for money regulations may make provision for ensuring compliance with value for money provisions.
(2) In this section “value for money provision” means a provision of or made under any of sections 10 to 16.
(3) Regulations under subsection (1) may in particular—
(a) provide for the Pensions Regulator to issue a notice (a “compliance notice”) to a person with a view to ensuring the person's compliance with a value for money provision;
(b) provide for the Pensions Regulator to issue a notice (a “third party compliance notice”) to a person with a view to ensuring another person's compliance with a value for money provision;
(c) provide for the Pensions Regulator to issue a notice (a “penalty notice”) imposing a penalty on a person where the Pensions Regulator is of the opinion that the person—
(i) has failed to comply with a compliance notice or third party compliance notice, or
(ii) has contravened a value for money provision;
(d) provide for the making of a reference to the First-tier Tribunal or Upper Tribunal in respect of the issue of a penalty notice or the amount of a penalty;
(e) confer other functions on the Pensions Regulator.
(4) The regulations may make provision for determining the amount, or the maximum amount, of a penalty in respect of a failure or contravention.
(5) The amount of a penalty imposed under the regulations in respect of a failure or contravention must not exceed—
(a) £10,000, in the case of an individual, and
(b) £100,000, in any other case.
(6) Value for money regulations may provide that where the Pensions Regulator has, in compliance with a requirement of regulations under subsection (3)(c)(ii), imposed a penalty on a person the Regulator is to be authorised to withdraw the penalty if—
(a) the Regulator considers it appropriate to do so having regard to the circumstances in which the contravention took place, and
(b) any prescribed conditions are met.
(7) Value for money regulations may provide—
(a) that if the Regulator determines that a rating assigned by responsible trustees or managers for the purposes of section 10(4)(a) is not correct, the Regulator may by a notice (a “directions notice”) substitute for that rating the rating the Regulator considers should have been assigned;
(b) that, where the Pensions Regulator substitutes a rating by virtue of paragraph (a), that rating is to be deemed for all purposes to be the rating assigned to the scheme under section 14(1).
(8) A directions notice under subsection (7) must set out the reasons for the Pensions Regulator’s determination.
(9) Regulations may provide for the making of a reference to the First-tier Tribunal or Upper Tribunal in respect of a determination of the Pensions Regulator under subsection (7)(a).
(10) The Pensions Act 1995 is amended as follows.
(11) In section 7 (appointment of trustees)—
(a) in subsection (3), after paragraph (a) insert—
(aa) where subsection (3A) or (3B) applies, to secure that the trustees as a whole have the skills and knowledge necessary for ensuring that the scheme, or an arrangement under it, improves its performance as regards the provision of value for money;
(b) after subsection (3) insert—
(3A) This subsection applies where—
(a) the trust scheme is a regulated VFM scheme (as defined in section 10(1)(a)) of the Pension Schemes Act 2025), and
(b) the most recent rating assigned to the scheme under section 14(1) of that Act was an intermediate or “not delivering” rating.
(3B) This subsection applies where—
(a) an arrangement under the trust scheme is a regulated VFM arrangement, and
(b) the most recent rating assigned to the arrangement under section 14(1) of that Act was an intermediate or “not delivering” rating.
(c) at the end insert—
(7) In this section “regulated VFM arrangement” and “regulated VFM scheme” are to be interpreted in accordance with section 19 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025.
(12) In section 11 (powers to wind up schemes), in subsection (1)—
(a) omit the “or” after paragraph (b), and
(b) after paragraph (c) insert—
(d) the scheme is a regulated VFM scheme and—
(i) the rating most recently assigned to the scheme under section 14(1) of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 is “not delivering”, and
(ii) the Authority are satisfied that the scheme is not capable of providing value for money, or
(e) the following conditions are met in relation to a regulated VFM arrangement (“A”) under the scheme—
(i) that the rating most recently assigned to A under section 14(1) of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 is “not delivering”, and
(ii) the Authority are satisfied that A is not capable of providing value for money.
;
(c) at the end insert—
(8) In subsection (1)—
(a) “regulated VFM arrangement” and “regulated VFM scheme” have the same meaning as in Chapter 2 of Part 2 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 (see section 19 of that Act);
(b) the reference to the provision of value for money is to be interpreted in accordance with that Chapter.

18 Crown application

(1) This Chapter applies to a pension scheme managed by or on behalf of the Crown as it applies to other pension schemes.
(2) Accordingly, references in this Chapter to a person in their capacity as a trustee or manager of a pension scheme include the Crown, or a person acting on behalf of the Crown, in that capacity.
(3) This Chapter applies to persons employed by or under the Crown as it applies to persons employed by a private person.

19 Interpretation of Chapter

In this Chapter—
action plan has the meaning given by section 14(6);
intermediate rating means an “intermediate” VFM rating (section 14(1)(c));
fully delivering rating means a fully delivering VFM rating (see section 14(1)(a));
improvement plan is to be interpreted in accordance with section 15(2)(a);
metric data is to be interpreted in accordance with section 10(2)(c);
money purchase benefits has the same meaning as in the Pension Schemes Act 1993 (see section 181 of that Act);
money purchase scheme has the same meaning as in the Pension Schemes Act 1993 (see section 181(1) of that Act);
not delivering rating means a “not delivering” VFM rating (see section 14(1)(b));
occupational pension scheme has the same meaning as in the Pension Schemes Act 1993 (see section 1(1) of that Act);
prescribed means prescribed by value for money regulations;
regulated VFM arrangement is to be interpreted in accordance with section 10(1)(b);
regulated VFM scheme is to be interpreted in accordance with section 10(1)(a);
relevant pension scheme is to be interpreted in accordance with section 10(12) and (13);
responsible trustees or managers is to be interpreted in accordance with section 10(8);
trustee or manager means—
(a) in relation to a scheme established under a trust, the trustees;
(b) in relation to any other scheme, the managers,
(including in the words that define “responsible trustees or managers” in section 10(8));
value for money regulations has the meaning given by section 10(1);
VFM assessment has the meaning given by section 10(2)(a);
VFM period is to be interpreted in accordance with section 10(2)(a);
VFM rating is to be interpreted in accordance with section 10(4)(a).

Chapter 2 — Consolidation of small dormant pension pots

Power to make small pots regulations

20 Small pots regulations

(1) The Secretary of State may make regulations (“small pots regulations”) for the purpose of securing that small dormant pension pots held by auto-enrolment schemes are—
(a) held by consolidator schemes, and
(b) in the case of consolidator schemes that have more than one arrangement, held subject to consolidator arrangements.
(2) A pension pot is “small” if its value, determined as at such time and in such manner as is prescribed, is £1,000 or less (but is not nil).
(3) A pension pot is “dormant” if—
(a) no contributions were paid into the pension pot by, or on behalf or in respect of, the individual for whom the pot is held during such period of at least 12 months as is prescribed, and
(b) the individual has, subject to any prescribed exceptions, taken no step to confirm or alter the way in which the pension pot is invested.
(4) The period that may be prescribed under subsection (3)(a) in relation to a pension pot in existence at the time the regulations come into force may begin at any time after the coming into force of this section.
(5) Small pots regulations—
(a) are subject to the affirmative procedure if they—
(i) are the first such regulations,
(ii) specify a person under section 21(1) (small pots data platform),
(iii) include provision under section 22(1) or 24(1) (requirements to send transfer notices or transfer pension pots), or
(iv) amend or repeal provision contained in an Act;
(b) otherwise, are subject to the negative procedure.

Transfers

21 Small pots data platform

(1) Small pots regulations must require a person specified in the regulations to make, in relation to each small dormant pension pot held by an auto-enrolment scheme—
(a) a proposal in relation to the pot (“the default proposal”), and
(b) one or more other proposals in relation to the pot (“the alternative proposals”),
and to notify the auto-enrolment scheme that holds the pot of the proposals.
(2) For the purposes of this Chapter a “proposal”, in relation to a small dormant pension pot, means a proposal that—
(a) the pot should be held by a specified consolidator scheme, and
(b) if there is more than one arrangement under that scheme, the pot should be held subject to a specified arrangement under the scheme.
In this subsection “specified” means specified in the proposal.
(3) Subsection (1) does not apply in relation to a small dormant pension pot if—
(a) the auto-enrolment scheme that holds the pot is itself a consolidator scheme,
(b) any of the sums or assets comprising the pot, or any sums or assets from which any of the sums or assets comprising the pot derive, were at any time comprised in a small dormant pension pot in respect of which a transfer notice was sent under small pots regulations, and
(c) no response to that notice was received under section 22(3)(d)(ii).
(4) The person specified under subsection (1) may be a body corporate established by or under the regulations.
(5) In this Chapter “the small pots data platform operator” means the person specified under subsection (1).

22 Transfer notices

(1) Small pots regulations must require the trustees or managers of an auto-enrolment scheme to prepare a notice (“a transfer notice”) in respect of each small dormant pension pot held by the scheme that is not exempt and send it to the individual for whom the pot is held.
(2) Small pots regulations must require a transfer notice in respect of a pension pot to comply with the following provisions of this section.
(3) The notice must—
(a) set out the default proposal in relation to the pot;
(b) set out the alternative proposal or proposals in relation to the pot;
(c) state that, if the individual does not respond to the notice, the pot will—
(i) if the default proposal specifies that the pot be transferred to a consolidator scheme, be transferred to that scheme, and
(ii) if there is more than one arrangement under the consolidator scheme specified in the default proposal, be held subject to the arrangement so specified;
(d) invite the individual to consider whether they are content with the default proposal and, if not, to respond to the notice stating either—
(i) that they want to adopt one of the alternative proposals and if so which, or
(ii) that they do not want any action to be taken in relation to the pension pot.
(4) Where membership of a consolidator scheme or a consolidator arrangement specified in a proposal set out in a transfer notice entails being a party to a contract with the trustees or managers of the scheme, the notice must set out, or otherwise communicate, the terms of such a contract.
(5) The notice must include such details as may be prescribed relating to—
(a) the pension pot,
(b) the auto-enrolment scheme, and
(c) the consolidator scheme or schemes, and any consolidator arrangements, specified in a proposal set out in the notice.

23 Exempt pots

(1) A small dormant pension pot is “exempt” if—
(a) prescribed conditions are met in relation to the pot, and
(b) the trustees or managers of the scheme that holds it determine that it is in the best interests of the individual for whom the pot is held that it should not be transferred in accordance with small pots regulations.
(2) A determination in relation to an individual under subsection (1)(b) may be made by reference to a class of individuals of which the individual in question is a member.
(3) Small pots regulations may include further provision about how determinations under subsection (1)(b) are to be made.

24 Transfer etc of small dormant pension pots

(1) Small pots regulations must require the trustees or managers of an auto-enrolment scheme, in relation to each small dormant pot held by the scheme in respect of which they have sent a transfer notice, to implement the proposals set out in the notice in accordance with this section.
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply to a pension pot if the trustees or managers have received a response under section 22(3)(d)(ii) in relation to it.
(3) Small pots regulations must secure that if—
(a) the trustees or managers do not receive a response to the notice, and
(b) the default proposal involves the transfer of the pot to a consolidator scheme,
the trustees or managers are required to transfer the pot to that scheme.
(4) Small pots regulations must secure that if—
(a) the trustees or managers receive a response to the notice, and
(b) the alternative option identified by the individual under section 22(3)(d)(i) involves the transfer of the pot to a consolidator scheme,
the trustees or managers are required to transfer the pot to that scheme.
(5) Small pots regulations must secure that if—
(a) the trustees or managers do not receive a response to the notice, and
(b) the default proposal involves the pot being held by a consolidator scheme subject to an arrangement specified in the proposal,
the pot is required to be held subject to that arrangement.
(6) Small pots regulations must secure that if—
(a) the trustees or managers receive a response to the notice, and
(b) the alternative proposal identified by the individual under section 22(3)(d)(i) involves the pot being held by an arrangement specified in the proposal,
the pot is required to be held subject to that arrangement.
(7) The trustees or managers may transfer a pension pot by virtue of subsection (3) or (4), or change the arrangement subject to which a pension pot is held by virtue of subsection (5) or (6), notwithstanding that it breaches a term of the scheme (such as a requirement for consent); and any such breach is to be disregarded for all purposes.

25 Effect of transfer on membership of scheme etc

(1) Subsections (2) and (3) apply where a pension pot held for an individual is transferred by virtue of section 24(3) or (4) to a different pension scheme (“the receiving scheme”).
(2) The individual becomes a member of the receiving scheme in relation to the pot, and acquires the rights, and becomes subject to the obligations, of membership.
(3) Where membership of the receiving scheme in relation to the pot entails being a party to a contract with its trustees or managers, a contract is treated as entered into between the individual and the trustees or managers—
(a) at the time at which the pension pot is transferred to the receiving scheme, and
(b) on the terms communicated to the individual by virtue of section 22(4).
(4) Subsections (5) and (6) apply where a pension pot is by virtue of section 24(5) or (6) held subject to a different arrangement under the same pension scheme, or an arrangement under a different pension scheme.
(5) The individual becomes a member of the arrangement in relation to the pot, and acquires the rights, and becomes subject to the obligations, of membership.
(6) Where membership of the arrangement in relation to the pot entails being a party to a contract with its trustees or managers of the pension scheme in question, a contract is treated as entered into between the individual and the trustees or managers—
(a) at the time at which the pension pot is first held subject to the arrangement, and
(b) on the terms communicated to the individual by virtue of section 22(4).

26 Timing of transfers

(1) Small pots regulations must prohibit the trustees or managers of an auto-enrolment scheme from transferring a pension pot by virtue of section 24(3) or (4), or changing the arrangement subject to which it is held by virtue of section 24(5) or (6), before the end of the required notice period.
(2) In subsection (1) “the required notice period”, in relation to a pension pot, means the period of 30 days, or such longer period as may be prescribed, beginning with the day on which the transfer notice in respect of the pot is sent.
(3) Small pots regulations must (subject to subsection (5)) require the trustees or managers of an auto-enrolment scheme to effect any transfer of a pension pot by virtue of section 24(3) or (4), and any change in the arrangement subject to which it is held by virtue of section 24(5) or (6), before the end of the required transfer period.
(4) In subsection (3) “the required transfer period”, in relation to a pension pot, means the period of one year beginning with—
(a) the date on which the provision of the regulations under which the requirement is imposed comes into force, or
(b) if later, the date on which the pension pot first becomes small and dormant.
(5) Small pots regulations may include provision extending the required transfer period until the end of a prescribed period beginning with the date on which the trustees or managers are notified of the proposals made by the small pots data platform operator under section 21(1) in respect of the pot.

Authorisation

27 Authorisation of consolidator schemes etc by the Pensions Regulator

(1) Small pots regulations must permit the trustees or managers of an eligible Master Trust scheme to apply to the Pensions Regulator for authorisation of—
(a) the scheme, or
(b) such arrangements under the scheme as are specified in the application.
(2) Small pots regulations must require the Pensions Regulator to grant an application for authorisation where—
(a) the application is made in accordance with regulations made by virtue of subsection (1), and
(b) prescribed conditions are met.
(3) Small pots regulations may permit or require the Pensions Regulator, where prescribed conditions are, or cease to be, met in relation to a consolidator scheme or arrangement—
(a) to require the trustees or managers to take prescribed steps;
(b) to prohibit the small pots data platform operator, in prescribed cases or in all cases, from specifying the scheme or arrangement in proposals under section 21(1);
(c) to withdraw authorisation.
(4) The conditions that may be prescribed under subsection (2)(b) or (3) include conditions relating to—
(a) the terms of the scheme,
(b) the value of sums and assets held by the scheme for the purpose of providing money purchase benefits,
(c) the fees charged by the scheme, or
(d) a VFM rating assigned to the scheme or any arrangement under the scheme;
and include conditions that involve the exercise of a discretion by the Pensions Regulator.
(5) Small pots regulations may permit or require the Pensions Regulator, where it withdraws authorisation, to require the trustees or managers of the scheme in question to take prescribed steps in relation to relevant pension pots.
(6) The steps that may be required to be taken by virtue of subsection (5) include steps to limit the fees that may be charged.
(7) For the purposes of subsection (5) a pension pot is “relevant” if—
(a) any of the sums or assets comprising the pot, or any sums or assets from which any of the sums or assets comprising the pot derive, were at any time comprised in a small dormant pension pot in respect of which a transfer notice was sent under small pots regulations, and
(b) no response to that notice was received under section 22(3)(d)(ii).
(8) For the purposes of this Chapter a Master Trust scheme is “eligible” if it is authorised under section 5 of the Pension Schemes Act 2017 (authorisation of Master Trust schemes).

28 Consolidator schemes and consolidator arrangements

(1) In this Chapter “consolidator scheme” means—
(a) an eligible Master Trust scheme—
(i) that is for the time being authorised by virtue of section 27(1)(a), or
(ii) any arrangement under which is for the time being authorised by virtue of section 27(1)(b), or
(b) an FCA-regulated pension scheme that is for the time being included on a list published by the FCA under section 137FBC(2)(b) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000.
(2) In this Chapter “consolidator arrangement” means—
(a) an arrangement under an eligible Master Trust scheme where—
(i) the scheme is for the time being authorised by virtue of section 27(1)(a), or
(ii) the arrangement is for the time being authorised by virtue of section 27(1)(b), or
(b) an arrangement under an FCA-regulated pension scheme that is for the time being included on a list published by the FCA under section 137FBC(2)(b) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000.

Supplementary

29 Further provision about contents of small pots regulations

(1) Small pots regulations may, in particular—
(a) authorise the Pensions Regulator to charge a prescribed fee in respect of an application for authorisation under the regulations;
(b) confer a right of appeal to the First-tier Tribunal or the Upper Tribunal against the refusal of an application for authorisation under the regulations;
(c) require the trustees or managers of a relevant pension scheme to take prescribed steps to improve the accuracy and completeness of information held by them;
(d) require a relevant person, other than the FCA, to provide prescribed information, in such form and at such time as may be prescribed, to—
(i) a relevant person, or
(ii) an individual for whom a relevant pension scheme holds a pension pot;
(e) require the trustees or managers of a relevant pension scheme to keep, and retain for a prescribed period, prescribed records;
(f) provide (otherwise than under paragraphs (c) to (e)) for the processing of information;
(g) limit the fees that may be charged by a relevant pension scheme in connection with the transfer of a pension pot under the regulations;
(h) require a relevant person, other than the FCA, to pay compensation to an individual who has suffered a loss as a result of a breach of the regulations for which the relevant person is responsible;
(i) confer (otherwise than under any of paragraphs (a) to (h)) a function on a relevant person, including a function involving the exercise of a discretion;
(j) provide for the delegation of a function conferred by the regulations.
(2) In subsection (1)(c) to (f), a reference to information includes personal data, and a reference to records includes records of personal data.
(3) Subject to subsection (4), the processing of personal data in accordance with the regulations does not breach—
(a) any obligation of confidence owed by the person processing the personal data, or
(b) any other restriction on the processing of personal data (however imposed).
(4) Small pots regulations may not authorise any processing of personal data that would contravene the data protection legislation (but, in determining whether particular processing of data would do so, take into account the power conferred, or duty imposed, by the provision of regulations in question).
(5) In this section—
the data protection legislation has the same meaning as in the Data Protection Act 2018 (see section 3 of that Act);
personal data has the same meaning as in the Data Protection Act 2018 (see section 3 of that Act);
processing has the same meaning as in the Data Protection Act 2018 (see section 3 of that Act);
relevant pension scheme means—
(a) an auto-enrolment scheme, or
(b) a consolidator scheme;
relevant person means—
(a) the Pensions Regulator,
(b) the FCA,
(c) the small pots data platform operator, or
(d) the trustees or managers of a relevant pension scheme.
(6) The power to make small pots regulations is capable of being exercised so as to amend or repeal provision contained in an Act.
(7) In particular, small pots regulations may—
(a) amend section 146 of the Pension Schemes Act 1993 (functions of the Pensions Ombudsman) so as to confer on the Pensions Ombudsman the function of investigating and determining complaints or disputes relating to the small pots data platform operator;
(b) amend section 175 of that Act (levies towards certain expenditure) so as to include expenditure of the small pots data platform operator.

30 Enforcement by the Pensions Regulator

(1) Small pots regulations may make provision with a view to ensuring the compliance of any person who is not FCA-regulated with any provision of the regulations.
(2) The regulations may in particular—
(a) provide for the Pensions Regulator to issue a notice (a “compliance notice”) to a person with a view to ensuring the person's compliance with a provision of the regulations;
(b) provide for the Pensions Regulator to issue a notice (a “third party compliance notice”) to a person with a view to ensuring another person's compliance with a provision of the regulations;
(c) provide for the Pensions Regulator to issue a notice (a “penalty notice”) imposing a penalty on a person where the person—
(i) has failed to comply with a compliance notice or third party compliance notice, or
(ii) has contravened a provision of the regulations;
(d) provide for the making of a reference to the First-tier Tribunal or Upper Tribunal in respect of the issue of a penalty notice or the amount of a penalty.
(3) The regulations may make provision for determining the amount, or the maximum amount, of a penalty in respect of a failure or contravention.
(4) But the amount of a penalty imposed under the regulations in respect of a failure or contravention must not exceed—
(a) £10,000, in the case of an individual, and
(b) £100,000, in any other case.
(5) Any penalty payable under the regulations is recoverable by the Regulator.
(6) In England and Wales, any such penalty is, if the county court so orders, recoverable under section 85 of the County Courts Act 1984 or otherwise as if it were payable under an order of that court.
(7) In Scotland, a penalty notice is enforceable as if it were an extract registered decree arbitral bearing a warrant for execution issued by the sheriff court of any sheriffdom.
(8) The Regulator must pay into the Consolidated Fund any penalty recovered under this section.
(9) A reference in this section to a provision of small pots regulations includes a reference to a requirement or restriction imposed by the Pensions Regulator under the regulations.

31 Enforcement by the FCA

(1) The Treasury may make regulations to enable the FCA to take action (in addition to any action it may otherwise take under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000) for monitoring and enforcing compliance of an FCA-regulated person with any provision of small pots regulations.
(2) The regulations may apply, or make provision corresponding to—
(a) provision contained in small pots regulations by virtue of section 30, or
(b) any provision of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000,
with or without modification.
(3) Regulations under this section are subject to the affirmative procedure.
(4) In this Chapter “FCA-regulated person” means an authorised person (within the meaning of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000).

Interpretation etc

32 Power to alter definition of “small”

(1) The Secretary of State may by regulations amend section 20(2) (definition of “small” in relation to a pension pot) so as to substitute a larger or smaller amount for the amount for the time being specified there.
(2) Before making regulations under this section the Secretary of State must—
(a) consult such persons as the Secretary of State considers appropriate, and
(b) publish details of the proposed amendment, and the Secretary of State’s reasons for making the proposal, and consider any representations made.
(3) Regulations under this section are subject to the affirmative procedure.

33 Crown application

(1) This Chapter applies to a pension scheme managed by or on behalf of the Crown as it applies to other pension schemes.
(2) Accordingly, references in this Chapter to a person in their capacity as a trustee or manager of a pension scheme include the Crown, or a person acting on behalf of the Crown, in that capacity.
(3) This Chapter applies to persons employed by or under the Crown as it applies to persons employed by a private person.

34 Interpretation of Chapter

(1) In this Chapter—
the alternative proposals, in relation to a small dormant pension pot, has the meaning given by section 21(1);
auto-enrolment scheme has the meaning given by subsection (5);
consolidator arrangement has the meaning given by section 28(2);
consolidator scheme has the meaning given by section 28(1);
the default proposal, in relation to a small dormant pension pot, has the meaning given by section 21(1);
dormant, in relation to a pension pot, has the meaning given by section 20(3);
eligible, in relation to a Master Trust scheme, has the meaning given by section 27(8);
exempt, in relation to a pension pot, has the meaning given by section 23;
the FCA means the Financial Conduct Authority;
FCA-regulated, in relation to a pension scheme, has the meaning given by subsection (2);
FCA-regulated person has the meaning given by section 31(4);
functions includes powers and duties;
Master Trust scheme has the same meaning as in the Pension Schemes Act 2017 (see section 1(1) of that Act);
money purchase benefits has the same meaning as in the Pension Schemes Act 1993 (see section 181(1) of that Act);
pension pot has the meaning given by section 35;
pension scheme has the meaning given by section 1(5) of the Pension Schemes Act 1993;
prescribed means specified in, or determined in accordance with, small pots regulations;
proposal, in relation to a small dormant pension pot, has the meaning given by section 21(2);
provider, in relation to an FCA-regulated pension scheme, means the person mentioned in subsection (2)(b);
small, in relation to a pension pot, has the meaning given by section 20(2);
the small pots data platform operator has the meaning given by section 21(5);
small pots regulations has the meaning given by section 20(1);
terms, in relation to a pension scheme, has the meaning given by subsection (3);
transfer, in relation to a pension pot, includes a transfer of an amount representing its value;
transfer notice has the meaning given by section 22(1);
trustees or managers, in relation to a pension scheme, means (subject to subsection (4))—
(a) in the case of a scheme established under a trust, the trustees of the scheme, and
(b) in any other case, the persons responsible for the management of the scheme;
VFM rating has the same meaning as in Chapter 1.
(2) A pension scheme is “FCA-regulated” if the operation of the scheme—
(a) is carried on in such a way as to be a regulated activity for the purposes of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, and
(b) is carried on in the United Kingdom by a person who is in relation to that activity an authorised person under section 19 of that Act.
(3) A reference in this Part to the terms of a pension scheme is to the terms of any instrument or agreement—
(a) in which the scheme is comprised, or
(b) to which the provider of the scheme and any member are parties in connection with the scheme.
(4) A reference in this Chapter to the trustees or managers of a pension scheme is, where the scheme is FCA-regulated, a reference to the provider of the scheme.
(5) A pension scheme is an “auto-enrolment scheme” if any individual is or at any time was an active member of the scheme in consequence of arrangements under section 3(2), 5(2) or 7(3) of the Pensions Act 2008 (arrangements for jobholder to become active member of automatic enrolment scheme).
(6) In subsection (5) “active member” has the same meaning as in Part 1 of the Pensions Act 2008 (see section 99 of that Act).

35 Meaning of “pension pot”

(1) In this Chapter, “pension pot” means sums or assets held for the purpose of providing money purchase benefits to or in respect of a member of a pension scheme; and—
(a) a reference to the pension scheme that holds a pension pot is to that pension scheme;
(b) a reference to the individual for whom a pension pot is held is to that member.
(2) Where—
(a) an individual is a member of an auto-enrolment scheme in relation to more than one employment, and
(b) the sums or assets held by the scheme for the purpose of providing money purchase benefits to or in respect of the member in relation to those employments are accounted for separately by the scheme,
the sums or assets held in relation to each employment are regarded for the purposes of this Chapter as separate pension pots.
(3) In subsection (2) “employment” has the same meaning as in Part 1 of the Pensions Act 2008 (see section 99 of that Act).

Amendments of other Acts

36 Amendments of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000

(1) The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 is amended as follows.
(2) In section 1A (the Financial Conduct Authority), in subsection (6), after paragraph (czc) insert—
(czd) Chapter 2 of Part 2 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 (consolidation of small dormant pension pots);
.
(3) After section 137FBB insert—

137FBC FCA general rules: regulation of consolidator pension schemes

(1) The FCA may make general rules under which the provider of an FCA-regulated pension scheme is required to notify the FCA where it intends that the scheme should be a consolidator scheme, or an arrangement under the scheme should be a consolidator arrangement, for the purposes of Chapter 2 of Part 2 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025.
(2) If the FCA makes rules under subsection (1) it must—
(a) make general rules regulating pension schemes that have given (and not withdrawn) a notice of the kind mentioned in subsection (1), and
(b) publish and maintain a list of FCA-regulated pension schemes, and arrangements under such schemes, in accordance with subsections (3) and (4).
(3) The list must, subject to subsection (4), include each FCA-regulated pension scheme, and each arrangement under an FCA-regulated scheme, in relation to which the FCA has received a notice by virtue of subsection (1).
(4) The list must not include a scheme or arrangement if—
(a) the notice in relation to it has been withdrawn by the provider of the scheme, or
(b) the FCA has determined that it is unlikely that rules made under subsection (1) or (2)(a) will be complied with in relation to the scheme or arrangement within such period as the FCA considers reasonable.
(5) In determining what provision to include in rules under subsection (2)(a), the FCA must have regard to any provision contained in small pots regulations by virtue of section 27 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 (authorisation of consolidator schemes etc by the Pensions Regulator).
(6) In this section—
FCA-regulated, in relation to a pension scheme, has the meaning given by subsection (7);
pension scheme has the meaning given by section 1(5) of the Pension Schemes Act 1993;
provider, in relation to an FCA-regulated pension scheme, means the person referred to in subsection (7)(b).
(7) A pension scheme is “FCA-regulated” if the operation of the scheme—
(a) is a regulated activity, and
(b) is carried on in the United Kingdom by an authorised person.
(4) In section 204A (meaning of “relevant requirement” and “appropriate regulator”)—
(a) in subsection (2), after paragraph (ab) insert—
(ac) by small pots regulations within the meaning of Chapter 2 of Part 2 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025,
(b) in subsection (6), after paragraph (ab) insert—
(ac) by small pots regulations within the meaning of Chapter 2 of Part 2 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025;
.

37 Repeal of existing powers

(1) In the Pensions Act 2014, omit the following provisions (which contain powers that have not been brought into force to make provision for the automatic transfer of pension benefits etc)—
(a) section 33;
(b) Schedule 17, except paragraph 15(1) (which contains interpretative provisions that apply for the purposes of Schedule 18 to that Act).
(2) In Schedule 18 to that Act (power to restrict charges or impose requirements in relation to schemes), in paragraph 4 (interpretation), for sub-paragraph (1) substitute—
(1) The definitions in paragraph 15(1) of Schedule 17 apply for the purposes of this Schedule.

Chapter 3 — Scale and asset allocation

38 Certain schemes providing money purchase benefits: scale and asset allocation

(1) The Pensions Act 2008 is amended as follows.
(2) Section 20 (quality requirement: UK money purchase schemes) is amended as follows.
(3) In subsection (1), after “purchase scheme” insert “other than an authorised Master Trust scheme”.
(4) After subsection (1) insert—
(1A) A money purchase scheme that is a relevant Master Trust satisfies the quality requirement in relation to a jobholder if the conditions in subsection (1)(a) to (c) and Conditions 1 and 2 of this subsection are met.
This Condition is that the relevant Master Trust—
(a) is approved under section 28A in respect of a main scale default arrangement of that scheme,
(b) is exempted by regulations from the requirement for approval,
(c) qualifies under section 28D for transition pathway relief, or
(d) qualifies under section 28E for new entrant pathway relief.
This Condition is that the relevant Master Trust—
(a) is approved under section 28C in respect of the asset allocation requirement, or
(b) is exempted by regulations from the requirement for approval.
(1B) Regulations under Condition 1(b) or 2(b) of subsection (1A) may exempt any description of relevant Master Trust, for example those that are—
(a) designed to meet the needs of persons with a protected characteristic within the meaning of the Equality Act 2010, or
(b) hybrid schemes.
(1C) Regulations may—
(a) permit the Regulatory Authority to determine, on an application by a relevant Master Trust, that the Master Trust is to be treated for a period (“the protected period”) as meeting Condition 1 of subsection (1A) for a period specified by the Regulatory Authority (regardless of whether or not the Master Trust has previously met the Condition);
(b) specify circumstances in which a relevant Master Trust, which is treated as mentioned in paragraph (a) and meets prescribed conditions, is to be subject during a prescribed period (ending with the end of the protected period) to any requirements specified in the regulations; and provision under this paragraph may include provision corresponding to any provision that may be made under section 28A(10).
(5) After subsection (3) insert—
(4) In this section—
main scale default arrangement is to be interpreted in accordance with section 28A(1);
Master Trust scheme has the same meaning as in the Pension Schemes Act 2017 (see section 1(1) of that Act);
Regulatory Authority is to be interpreted in accordance with regulations;
relevant Master Trust means a money purchase scheme that has its main administration in the United Kingdom and is an authorised Master Trust scheme.
(6) In section 25 (quality requirement: non-UK occupational pension schemes) for “18(b) or (c)” substitute “18(c)”.
(7) Section 26 (quality requirement: UK personal pension schemes) is amended as follows.
(8) After subsection (7) insert—
(7A) The fifth condition is that if the scheme is a group personal pension scheme of a prescribed description it must, unless subsection (7C) applies, hold an approval under section 28B in respect of a main scale default arrangement.
(7B) The sixth condition is that if the scheme is a group personal pension scheme of a prescribed description it must hold an approval under section 28C in respect of the asset allocation requirement.
(7C) This subsection applies if the group personal pension scheme—
(a) is exempted by regulations from the requirement for approval,
(b) qualifies under section 28D for transition pathway relief, or
(c) qualifies under section 28E for new entrant pathway relief.
(7D) Regulations under subsection (7C)(a) may exempt any description of group personal pension schemes, for example those that are designed to meet the needs of persons with a protected characteristic within the meaning of the Equality Act 2010.
(7E) Regulations may—
(a) authorise the Regulatory Authority to determine, on an application by the scheme concerned, that a group personal pension scheme is to be treated as meeting the fifth and sixth conditions for a period (the “protected period”) specified by the Regulatory Authority;
(b) specify circumstances in which a group personal pension scheme which is treated as mentioned in paragraph (a) and meets prescribed conditions is to be subject during a prescribed period (which ends with the end of the protected period) to any requirements specified in the regulations; and provision under this paragraph may include provision corresponding to any provision that may be made under section 28A(10).
(9) After subsection (9) insert—
(10) In this section—
main scale default arrangement is to be interpreted in accordance with section 28A(1);
Regulatory Authority is to be interpreted in accordance with regulations.
(10) In section 28 (certification that quality requirement or alternative requirement is satisfied) in subsection (3A) omit paragraphs (a) and (c).
(11) In section 28 (certification that quality requirement or alternative requirement is satisfied) in subsection (4) (definition of “relevant quality requirement”)—
(a) in paragraph (a), at the end insert “, except so far as that quality requirement relates to Condition 1 or 2 in subsection (1A)”;
(b) in paragraph (b), at the end insert “, except so far as that quality requirement relates to the fifth and sixth conditions”.
(12) After section 28 insert—

28A MSDA approval: relevant Master Trusts

(1) For the purposes of Condition 1 of section 20(1A), the Regulatory Authority (“the Authority”) may approve a relevant Master Trust in respect of a main scale default arrangement if the Authority determines that—
(a) the relevant Master Trust meets the scale requirement, and
(b) any other prescribed conditions are met.
(2) A relevant Master Trust meets the scale requirement if the sum of the values mentioned in paragraphs (a) and (b) of subsection (4) is equal to or greater than the minimum amount.
(3) In this section “the minimum amount” means £25 billion.
(4) Subject to subsection (6), those values are—
(a) the total value of assets held in funds of the relevant Master Trust which—
(i) represent accrued rights of members of that scheme, and
(ii) are managed under a common investment strategy;
(b) the total value of any assets held in funds of one or more qualifying group personal pension schemes that—
(i) represent accrued rights of members of those schemes, and
(ii) are managed under the investment strategy mentioned in paragraph (a)(ii).
(5) For the purposes of subsection (4) a group personal pension scheme is “qualifying” in relation to a relevant Master Trust if the group personal pension scheme and the relevant Master Trust are provided by the same service provider.
(6) Regulations may make provision about amounts that are to be excluded or adjusted in calculating the total value under subsection (4)(a) or (b).
(7) Regulations may make provision about—
(a) how the satisfaction of criteria relevant to the meeting of the scale requirement is to be evidenced;
(b) the meaning of “common investment strategy” in subsection (4)(a)(ii).
(8) Regulations may make provision about how the value of assets is to be determined for the purposes of subsections (2) and (4).
(9) Regulations may make provision—
(a) as to a time limit within which the Authority must decide an application for approval;
(b) as to procedures in connection with approvals or where an approval has been give;
(c) about the withdrawal of approvals including conditions for, and procedures in connection with, withdrawals;
(d) for the Authority’s decision on the application, or on a decision to withdraw approval, to be referred to the Upper Tribunal;
(e) for the Authority to maintain and publish a list of relevant Master Trusts that are approved under this section.
(10) Regulations under subsection (9)(c) may in particular make provision—
(a) about steps, including communications with the relevant Master Trust, that the Authority must take before deciding to withdraw an approval;
(b) setting a minimum period that must elapse between a notification that approval is to be withdrawn and the withdrawal of the approval;
(c) where the Regulator has given notice to the trustees or managers of a relevant Master Trust that the approval (under this section) of that scheme is likely to be withdrawn and any other prescribed conditions are met, requiring the trustees or managers to—
(i) act in relation to the scheme as if its approval has been withdrawn, and
(ii) take steps for ensuring that persons (such as employers) who may be affected in the event of the relevant Master Trust’s losing that approval are promptly informed if such a loss should occur;
(d) authorising the Authority to issue, to a person considered by the Authority to have failed to comply with a requirement under paragraph (c), a fixed penalty notice requiring the person to pay a penalty that—
(i) is to be determined in accordance with the regulations, and
(ii) must not exceed £100,000;
(e) providing for the making of a reference to the First-tier Tribunal or Upper Tribunal in respect of the issue of a penalty notice or the amount of a penalty.
(11) Before making regulations under this section the Secretary of State must consult such persons as the Secretary of State considers appropriate.
(12) In this section—
applicable has the meaning given by regulations;
Regulatory Authority has the same meaning as in section 20;
relevant Master Trust has the same meaning as in section 20.

28B MSDA approval: group personal pension scheme

(1) The Regulatory Authority (“the Authority”) may, for the purposes of the Condition in section 26(7A), approve a relevant group personal pension scheme (“the GPP”) in respect of a main scale default arrangement if the Authority determines that—
(a) the GPP meets the scale requirement, and
(b) any other prescribed conditions are met.
(2) The GPP meets the scale requirement if the sum of the values mentioned in paragraphs (a) to (c) of subsection (4) is equal to or greater than the minimum amount.
(3) In this section “the minimum amount” means £25 billion.
(4) Subject to subsection (6), those values are—
(a) the total value of assets held in funds of the GPP which—
(i) represent accrued rights of members of the GPP, and
(ii) are managed under a common investment strategy;
(b) the total value of any assets held in funds of one or more qualifying group personal pension schemes (other than the GPP) that—
(i) represent accrued rights of members of those schemes, and
(ii) are managed under the investment strategy mentioned in paragraph (a)(ii);
(c) the total value of any assets held in funds of one (and only one) relevant Master Trust that—
(i) represent accrued rights of members of that scheme, and
(ii) are managed under the investment strategy mentioned in paragraph (a)(ii).
(5) Regulations may make provision about amounts that are to be excluded or adjusted in calculating the total value under subsection (4)(a) to (c).
(6) Regulations may make provision about—
(a) how the satisfaction of criteria relevant to the meeting of the scale requirement is to be evidenced;
(b) the meaning of “common investment strategy” in subsection (4)(a)(ii).
(7) Regulations may make provision about how the value of assets is to be determined for the purposes of subsections (2) and (4).
(8) For the purposes of subsection (4) a relevant Master Trust is “qualifying” in relation to a group personal pension scheme if the relevant Master Trust and the group personal pension scheme are provided by the same service provider.
(9) Regulations may make provision—
(a) as to a time limit within which the Authority must decide an application for approval;
(b) as to procedures in connection with approvals or where an approval has been given;
(c) about the withdrawal of an approval, including conditions for and procedures in connection with withdrawals;
(d) for the Authority’s decision on the application, or on a decision to withdraw approval,to be referred to the Upper Tribunal;
(e) for the Authority to maintain and publish a list of group personal pension schemes that are approved under this section.
(10) Regulations under subsection (9)(c) may in particular make provision—
(a) about steps, including communications with a relevant Master Trust or group personal pension scheme, that the Authority must take before deciding to withdraw an approval;
(b) setting a minimum period that must elapse between notification that approval is to be withdrawn and the withdrawal of the approval;
(c) where the Authority has given notice to the managers of the GPP that their approval is likely to be withdrawn and any other prescribed conditions are met, requiring the managers to—
(i) act in relation to the scheme as if its approval has been withdrawn, and
(ii) take steps for ensuring that persons (such as employers) who may be affected in the event of the GPP losing that approval are promptly informed if such a loss should occur.
(d) permitting the Authority to impose, on a person considered by the Authority to have failed to comply with a requirement under paragraph (c), a penalty determined in accordance with the regulations that does not exceed £100,000.
(11) Before making regulations under this section the Secretary of State must consult such persons as the Secretary of State considers appropriate.
(12) In this section—
Regulatory Authority has the same meaning as in section 20;
relevant group personal pension scheme means a group personal pension scheme to which section 26 applies;
relevant Master Trust has the same meaning as in section 20.

28C Approvals in respect of asset allocation

(1) The Regulatory Authority (“the Authority”) may approve a relevant Master Trust or a group personal pension scheme in respect of the asset allocation requirement only if the Authority determines that at least the prescribed percentage (by value) of the totality of the assets held in funds of the scheme are qualifying assets.
(2) Regulations may also provide that the Authority may not approve a relevant Master Trust or group personal pension scheme unless at least the prescribed percentage (by value) of the totality of assets of a particular description held in funds of the scheme are qualifying assets.
(3) Regulations under subsection (1) or (2) made after 31 December 2035 may not increase the prescribed percentage.
(4) In this section “qualifying asset” means an asset of a prescribed description that is held in a default fund of a relevant Master Trust or group personal pension scheme.
(5) A description of asset prescribed under subsection (4) may for example be—
(a) private equity,
(b) private debt,
(c) venture capital, or
(d) interests in land,
but (unless within any of the above paragraphs) may not be securities listed on a recognised investment exchange within the meaning of the Income Tax Acts (see section 1005 of the Income Tax Act 2007) excluding those registered by the Financial Conduct Authority as an SME growth market in accordance with the Market Conduct sourcebook.
(6) A description prescribed under subsection (4) may for example relate to—
(a) whether an asset is located in the United Kingdom or elsewhere;
(b) the presence or absence of other prescribed factors linking an asset to economic activity in the United Kingdom.
(7) For the purposes of this section assets of a relevant Master Trust or group personal pension scheme are held in “default funds” if—
(a) the assets are managed under a common investment strategy,
(b) the jobholders by or in respect of whom contributions have been made to the scheme have not (or predominantly have not) expressed a choice as to where the contributions are allocated, and
(c) the arrangements under which the assets are held meet any other conditions that may be prescribed.
(8) Regulations may assign different descriptions of asset to different fractions of the percentage prescribed under subsection (1).
(9) Regulations may make provision—
(a) about how the meeting of the asset allocation requirement is to be evidenced;
(b) requiring relevant Master Trusts or group personal pension schemes to have regard to any guidance issued by the Secretary of State about the effect of any regulations under this section.
(10) Regulations may make provision—
(a) as to a time limit within which the Authority must decide an application;
(b) as to procedures in connection with approvals or where an approval has been given;
(c) about the provision to the Authority of information required for the purposes of deciding applications (including any additional information the Authority may require in a particular case);
(d) requiring the Authority to report to the Secretary of State any information the Secretary of State may require relating to the allocation of assets by relevant Master Trusts or group personal pension schemes;
(e) for the Authority’s decision on the application to be referred to the Upper Tribunal;
(f) for the Authority to maintain—
(i) a list of relevant Master Trusts that are approved under this section, and
(ii) a list of group personal pension schemes that are approved under this section,
(or a single list of the pension schemes mentioned in sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii)).
(11) Before making the first set of regulations under this section the Secretary of State must prepare and publish a report regarding—
(a) how the financial interests of members of relevant Master Trusts and group personal pension schemes are or would be affected by the proposed regulations;
(b) what effects the proposed measures could be expected to have on economic growth in the United Kingdom;
(c) any other matters the Secretary of State considers appropriate.
(12) Before making regulations under this section, the Secretary of State must consult the Treasury.
(13) The Secretary of State must consult such persons as the Secretary of State considers appropriate before publishing a report under subsection (11).
(14) Provision under this section overrides any provision of the trust deed or rules of the scheme in question, so far as they are in conflict.
(15) In this section “Regulatory Authority” and “relevant Master Trust” have the same meaning as in section 20.

28D Transition pathway relief

(1) The Regulatory Authority (“the Authority”) may approve a relevant Master Trust as qualifying for transition pathway relief if the Authority determines that—
(a) the condition in subsection (2) is met, and
(b) any other prescribed conditions are met.
(2) The condition mentioned in subsection (1)(a) is that the Authority determines that the relevant Master Trust would qualify for approval under section 28A (MSDA approval) if the amount specified in section 28A(3) were £10 billion.
(3) The Authority may approve a group personal pension scheme as qualifying for transition pathway relief if the Authority determines that—
(a) the condition in subsection (4) is met, and
(b) any other prescribed conditions are met.
(4) The condition mentioned in subsection (3)(a) is that the Authority determines that the group personal pension scheme would qualify for approval under section 28B (MSDA approval: group personal pension schemes) if the amount specified in section 28B(3) were £10 billion.
(5) Regulations may require trustees or managers of schemes that are authorised under this section to take prescribed steps, for example—
(a) to produce plans for increasing the scale of their schemes’ holdings or to take other actions that may facilitate progress towards authorisation under section 28A or 28B, or
(b) in connection with governance and investment capability.
(6) Regulations must make provision about the criteria for making any determinations under subsection (1) or (3).
(7) Regulations may make provision—
(a) as to a time limit within which the Authority must decide an application;
(b) as to procedures in connection with approvals or where an approval has been given;
(c) for the Authority’s decision on the application to be referred to the Upper Tribunal;
(d) for the Authority to maintain and publish a list of schemes that are approved under this section.
(8) Before making regulations under this section the Secretary of State must consult such persons as the Secretary of State considers appropriate.
(9) In this section “relevant Master Trust” have the same meaning as in section 20.

28E New entrant pathway relief

(1) A relevant Master Trust or group personal pension scheme qualifies for new entrant pathway relief for the purposes of Condition 1(d) of section 20(1A) if the relevant Master Trust or group personal pension scheme is approved by the Regulatory Authority (“the Authority”) under this section.
(2) The Authority may approve a relevant Master Trust or a group personal pension scheme under this section only if the Authority determines that—
(a) the scheme in question demonstrates strong potential for growth and an ability to innovate, and
(b) any other prescribed conditions are met.
(3) Regulations may make provision—
(a) as to a time limit within which the Authority must decide an application;
(b) as to procedures in connection with approvals or where an approval has been given;
(c) for the Authority’s decision on the application to be referred to the Upper Tribunal;
(d) for the Authority to maintain a list of relevant Master Trusts or group personal pension schemes that are approved under this section.
(4) Regulations may make provision about the meaning of “ability to innovate” and “strong potential for growth” (including how it can be demonstrated that a scheme has the ability to innovate or strong potential for growth).
(5) Before making regulations under this section the Secretary of State must consult such persons as the Secretary of State considers appropriate.
(6) In this section “Regulatory Authority” and “relevant Master Trust” have the same meaning as in section 20.

28F Suspension of asset allocation requirement: savers’ interest test

(1) Regulations may make provision for authorising the Regulatory Authority (“the Authority”), on an application by a relevant Master Trust or group personal pension scheme, to determine that the scheme in question is to be treated, for a period specified by the Authority, as if that scheme were exempted from the requirement for approval under section 28C.
(2) Regulations under subsection (1)
(a) must provide that the Authority may not determine that the applicant is to be treated as mentioned in subsection (1) unless the Authority is of the view that meeting the asset allocation requirement would cause material financial detriment to the scheme or members of the scheme (and for this purpose the regulations may make provision as to the evidence by reference to which the Authority forms that view);
(b) may make provision as to the process for making a determination, including as to—
(i) the level of detail of enquiry required in different cases;
(ii) a time limit within which the Authority must decide an application;
(iii) procedures in connection with applications.
(3) Regulations under subsection (1) may make provision about , including as to the use of evidence and the detail of review that may be required in different cases.
(4) Regulations under subsection (1) may make provision about what is, or is not, to be regarded as financial detriment for the purposes of this section.
(5) In this section “Regulatory Authority” and “relevant Master Trust” have the same meaning as in section 20.
(13) Before section 31 insert—

30A Review of exercise of powers under section 28C

(1) The Secretary of State must—
(a) review the effects of any regulations under section 28C (approvals in respect of asset allocation), and
(b) prepare, publish and lay before Parliament, a report of the review.
(2) A review under subsection (1) must be conducted before the end of the period of 5 years beginning with the day on which the regulations in question come into force.
(3) In carrying out the review the Secretary of State must take the following into account—
(a) whether and how the financial interests of members of Master Trust schemes and savers in group personal pension schemes have been affected by the regulations;
(b) the effects (if any) of the measures on economic growth in the United Kingdom;
(c) any other matters the Secretary of State considers appropriate.
(14) In section 99 (interpretation of Part), at the appropriate places insert—
group personal pension scheme means a personal pension scheme which is available to employees of the same employer or of employers within a group, but does not include—
(a) a stakeholder pension scheme (as defined in section 1 of the Welfare Reform and Pensions Act 1999), or
(b) any pension scheme that gives a member the power to direct how some or all of the member's contributions are invested);
relevant Master Trust has the meaning given by section 28E(6);
.
(15) In section 143 (orders and regulations), in subsection (5)(a)—
(a) after “17(1)(c),” insert “20, 26(7A), 28E,”;
(b) after “28,” insert “28A, 28B, 28C,”.
(16) If the power under subsection (1) of section 28C of the Pensions Act 2008 (approvals in respect of asset allocation) has not been exercised before the end of the year 2035, the following provisions of that Act expire at the end of that year—
(a) section 28C;
(b) Condition 2 of subsection (1A) of section 20;
(c) section 26(7B).

39 Amendments related to section 38

(1) The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 is amended as follows.
(2) In section 1A (the Financial Conduct Authority), in subsection (6), after paragraph (a) insert—
(aa) the Pensions Act 2008,
.
(3) Section 204A (meaning of “relevant requirement” and “appropriate regulator” is amended as follows.
(4) In subsection (2), after paragraph (aa) insert—
(aza) by or under Part 1 of the Pensions Act 2008,
.
(5) In subsection (6), after paragraph (a) insert—
(aza) by or under Part 1 of the Pensions Act 2008,
.
(6) Part 1 (Master Trusts) of the Pension Schemes Act 2017 is amended as follows.
(7) Section 5 (decision on application) is amended as follows.
(8) Subsection (3) is amended as follows.
(9) Omit the “and” before paragraph (e).
(10) After paragraph (e) insert—
(f) that it has sufficient investment capability (see section 12A), and
(g) (in the case of an applicant that has its main administration in the United Kingdom) that the scheme meets Condition 1 of section 20(1A) (quality requirement) of the Pensions Act 2008.”
(11) After section 12 insert—

12A Investment capability

(1) This section applies for the purposes of enabling the Pensions Regulator to decide whether it is satisfied that a Master Trust scheme (that has its main administration in the United Kingdom) has sufficient investment capability (see section 5(3)(f)).
(2) In order to be satisfied that the Master Trust scheme has sufficient investment capability the Regulator must be satisfied —
(a) that appropriate systems are in place for managing the investment strategy and monitoring outcomes,
(b) that the scheme has appropriate systems for delivering effective governance,
(c) that there are appropriate strategies for recruiting and retaining expert staff.
(3) In deciding whether it is satisfied about the matters mentioned in subsection (1), the Pensions Regulator must take account of any factors specified in subsection (2) and any other factors specified in regulations made by the Secretary of State.
(4) The first regulations that are made under subsection (3) are subject to affirmative resolution procedure.
(5) Any subsequent regulations under that subsection are subject to negative resolution procedure.

40 Crown application

(1) This Chapter applies to a pension scheme managed by or on behalf of the Crown as it applies to other pension schemes.
(2) Accordingly, references in this Chapter to a person in their capacity as a trustee or manager of a pension scheme include the Crown, or a person acting on behalf of the Crown, in that capacity.
(3) This Chapter applies to persons employed by or under the Crown as it applies to persons employed by a private person.

Chapter 4 — FCA-regulated pension schemes: contractual override

41 FCA-regulated pension schemes: contractual override

(1) The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 is amended as follows.
(2) After Part 7 insert—

Part 7A — Unilateral changes to pension schemes

117A Pension schemes to which this Part applies

(1) This Part applies to a pension scheme—
(a) that is FCA-regulated, and
(b) in relation to which any of the following conditions is met.
(2) The conditions are—
(a) that the scheme is an auto-enrolment scheme;
(b) that the scheme is a workplace personal pension scheme that is not an auto-enrolment scheme;
(c) that the scheme is a pension scheme of a prescribed description.
(3) For the purposes of subsection (2)(a) and (b) a pension scheme is an “auto-enrolment scheme” if any individual is or at any time was an active member of the scheme in consequence of arrangements under section 3(2), 5(2) or 7(3) of the Pensions Act 2008 (arrangements for jobholder to become active member of automatic enrolment scheme).
(4) In subsection (3) “active member” has the same meaning as in Part 1 of the Pensions Act 2008 (see section 99 of that Act).
(5) For the purposes of subsection (2)(b) a pension scheme is a “workplace personal pension scheme” if—
(a) the scheme is a personal pension scheme,
(b) direct payment arrangements exist, or have at any time existed, in relation to the scheme, and
(c) contributions have been paid under the arrangements in respect of, or on behalf of, two or more employees.
(6) In subsection (5) “direct payment arrangements” has the same meaning as in section 111A of the Pension Schemes Act 1993.

117B Unilateral changes

(1) The provider of a pension scheme to which this Part applies may—
(a) amend the terms of the scheme as regards a description of pension pot held by the scheme,
(b) change the investments comprised in a description of pension pot held by the scheme,
(c) transfer a description of pension pot held by the scheme to a different pension scheme operated by the same provider, or
(d) transfer a description of pension pot held by the scheme to a pension scheme operated by a different provider.
(2) A change or transfer within subsection (1)(b) to (d) may be effected notwithstanding that it breaches a term of the pension scheme (such as a requirement for consent); and any such breach is to be disregarded for all purposes.
(3) Subsection (1) is subject to—
(a) subsection (5), sections 117D to 117F and any regulations under section 117H(1)(c), and
(b) any other provision of legislation (including any rule) which restricts or otherwise affects the provider’s power to do anything within subsection (1).
(4) In subsection (1)(c) and (d), a reference to a pension scheme to which a description of pension pot may be transferred includes a pension scheme to which this Part does not apply.
(5) A transfer to a pension scheme operated by a different provider may not be effected under subsection (1)(d) without the consent of that provider.
(6) A reference in this Part to the terms of a pension scheme is to the terms of any instrument or agreement—
(a) in which the scheme is comprised, or
(b) to which the provider of the scheme and any member are parties in connection with the scheme.
(7) In this Part, “unilateral change” means an amendment, change or transfer within any of paragraphs (a) to (d) of subsection (1).

117C Effect of transfer of pension pot on membership of scheme etc

(1) This section applies where a pension pot is transferred under section 117B(1)(c) or (d) to a different pension scheme (“the receiving scheme”).
(2) The individual—
(a) becomes a member of the receiving scheme in relation to the pot, and
(b) in a case in which there is more than one arrangement under the receiving scheme, becomes, in relation to the pot, a member of the arrangement specified in the unilateral change notice under section 117F(3)(b);
and acquires the rights, and becomes subject to the obligations, of membership.
(3) Where being a member of the receiving scheme in relation to the pot, or of the arrangement under the receiving scheme under which the pot is to be held, entails being a party to a contract with the provider of the receiving scheme, a contract is treated as entered into between the individual and the provider—
(a) at the time at which the pension pot is transferred to the receiving scheme, and
(b) on the terms communicated to the individual in the unilateral change notice under section 117F(3)(c).

117D Best interests test

(1) The provider of a pension scheme to which this Part applies may effect a unilateral change under section 117B(1) only if—
(a) the provider concludes, before doing so, that the best interests test is met in relation to the unilateral change, and
(b) it is reasonable for the provider to have reached that conclusion at that time.
(2) “The best interests test”, in relation to a unilateral change, is that it is reasonably likely that effecting it will achieve—
(a) a better outcome for the directly affected members of the scheme (taken as a whole), and
(b) no worse an outcome for the other members of the scheme (taken as a whole),
than the relevant alternative action or, where there is more than one alternative action, each of them.
(3) For the purposes of this Part, the members of a pension scheme who are “directly affected” by a unilateral change are the members for whom the scheme holds pension pots of the description in question.
(4) The following are “relevant alternative actions” for the purposes of subsection (2) in relation to a unilateral change—
(a) not effecting the unilateral change, and
(b) where the unilateral change is an internal change, each other internal change that could be made in accordance with this Part in relation to pension pots of the description in question.
(5) In subsection (4) “internal change” means a unilateral change that results in a description of pension pot held by the scheme being held—
(a) subject to a different arrangement under the same scheme, or
(b) subject to a particular arrangement under a different pension scheme operated by the same provider (including where there is only one arrangement under that scheme).
(6) The FCA must make general rules specifying considerations or information that must be taken into account in determining whether the best interests test is met.

117E Certification by independent person

(1) The provider of a pension scheme to which this Part applies may effect a unilateral change under section 117B(1) only if, before effecting it—
(a) the provider has appointed a person to review the proposed unilateral change, and
(b) the person appointed has given the provider a certificate under this section in relation to the proposed unilateral change.
(2) The person appointed must—
(a) be independent of the provider, and
(b) have such expertise as is specified in general rules made by the FCA.
(3) The certificate must certify that, in the opinion of the independent person—
(a) the pension scheme is a pension scheme to which this Part applies,
(b) the proposed unilateral change is within section 117B(1)(a) to (d),
(c) section 117B(1) is not disapplied in relation to the proposed unilateral change by regulations under section 117H(1)(a),
(d) any conditions prescribed under section 117H(1)(c) are met,
(e) the best interests test is met in relation to the proposed unilateral change, and
(f) the provider has complied with such other requirements as may be specified in general rules made by the FCA.
(4) The FCA must make general rules about appointments and certification under this section, including provision—
(a) for determining for the purposes of this section whether a person is independent of the provider of a pension scheme;
(b) specifying terms on which an appointment under this section must be made;
(c) about the form of a certificate and when it must be given.
(5) In this Part “the independent person”, in relation to a proposed unilateral change, means the person appointed under subsection (1)(a) to review it.

117F Unilateral change notice

(1) The provider of a pension scheme to which this Part applies may effect a unilateral change under section 117B(1) only after—
(a) the provider has sent a unilateral change notice to each of the required recipients, and
(b) the required notice period has expired.
(2) “A unilateral change notice” means a notice that includes such information relating to the unilateral change as is specified in general rules made by the FCA.
(3) General rules made pursuant to subsection (2) must, in the case of a unilateral change under section 117B(1)(c) or (d), require the unilateral change notice to—
(a) specify the pension scheme (“the receiving scheme”) to which it is proposed the pensions pots in question are to be transferred,
(b) specify, in a case in which there is more than one arrangement under the receiving scheme, the arrangement subject to which it is proposed the pots be held after the transfer, and
(c) where membership of the receiving scheme, or of an arrangement specified under paragraph (b), entails being a party to a contract with the provider of the receiving scheme, set out, or otherwise communicate, the terms of such a contract.
(4) “The required recipients” means—
(a) the members of the scheme directly affected by the change, and
(b) such other persons as may be specified in general rules made by the FCA.
(5) A unilateral change notice must be in such form, and be sent by such means, as is specified in general rules made by the FCA.
(6) In subsection (1) “the required notice period” means such period as is specified in general rules made by the FCA.

117G Further duties to make FCA general rules

(1) The FCA must make general rules—
(a) about the fees that may or may not be charged by providers of a pension schemes in relation to unilateral changes effected under section 117B(1);
(b) imposing requirements on the provider of a pension scheme who proposes to effect, or effects, a unilateral change under section 117B(1) to provide information to the independent person;
(c) imposing requirements on the provider of a pension scheme who proposes to effect, or effects, a unilateral change under section 117B(1), as to the records they must keep and retain for the purposes of this Part.
(2) The rules made by virtue of subsection (1) must apply in relation to pension schemes established before, as well as those established after, those rules (or this section) came into force.

117H Powers to make regulations

(1) The Treasury may by regulations—
(a) provide that section 117B(1) does not apply in relation to unilateral changes of a description specified in the regulations;
(b) amend section 117D (best interests test);
(c) prescribe further conditions (in addition to those in sections 117D to 117F) that must be met in relation to a unilateral change for it to be permitted under section 117B(1);
(d) require the FCA to make general rules in compliance with section 117E(4)(b) that require the inclusion, in the terms of an appointment under that section, of a term providing that members of the pension scheme may in their own right enforce the terms of appointment under section 1 of the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999;
(e) disapply any legislation, or require the FCA to disapply any general rule, so far as it restricts or otherwise affects the power in section 117B(1);
(f) make provision consequential on this Part.
(2) The power to make regulations under subsection (1) is capable of being exercised so as to amend or repeal any provision of primary legislation.

117I Interpretation of Part

(1) In this Part—
the best interests test has the meaning given by section 117D(2);
directly affected, in relation to a unilateral change, has the meaning given by section 117D(3);
FCA-regulated, in relation to a pension scheme, has the meaning given by subsection (2);
the independent person, in relation to a proposed unilateral change, has the meaning given by section 117E(5);
money purchase benefits has the same meaning as in the Pension Schemes Act 1993 (see section 181(1) of that Act);
pension pot has the meaning given by subsection (3);
pension scheme has the meaning given by section 1(5) of the Pension Schemes Act 1993;
personal pension scheme has the same meaning as in the Pension Schemes Act 1993 (see section 1(1) of that Act);
provider
(a) in relation to an FCA-regulated pension scheme, means the person referred to in subsection (2)(b);
(b) in relation to any other pension scheme, means the trustees or managers of the scheme;
terms , in relation to a pension scheme, has the meaning given by section 117B(6);
transfer, in relation to a pension pot, includes a transfer of an amount representing its value;
trustees or managers, in relation to a pension scheme, means—
(a) in the case of a scheme established under a trust, the trustees of the scheme, and
(b) in any other case, the persons responsible for the management of the scheme;
unilateral change has the meaning given by section 117B(7);
unilateral change notice has the meaning given by section 117F(2).
(2) A pension scheme is “FCA-regulated” if the operation of the scheme—
(a) is a regulated activity, and
(b) is carried on in the United Kingdom by an authorised person.
(3) “Pension pot” means sums or assets held for the purpose of providing money purchase benefits to or in respect of a member of a pension scheme; and—
(a) a reference to the pension scheme that holds a pension pot is to that pension scheme;
(b) a reference to the individual for whom a pension pot is held is to that member.
(3) In section 105 (insurance business transfer schemes), in subsection (3), at the end insert—

Case 6

Where the scheme is effected under Part 7A (unilateral changes to pension schemes).

(4) In section 168 (appointment of persons to carry out investigations in particular cases), in subsection (4), after paragraph (i) insert—
(iza) a person has effected, or has purported to effect, a unilateral change under subsection (1) of section 117B (unilateral changes by providers of pension schemes), but any of the provisions mentioned in subsection (3) of that section may have been contravened in relation to it;
.
(5) In section 429 (Parliamentary control of statutory instruments), in subsection (2B), after paragraph (ab) insert—
(ac) provision made under section 117H which amends or repeals any provision of primary legislation;
.

Chapter 5 — Default pension benefit solutions

42 Default pension benefit solutions

(1) Subject to section 43(1), the trustees or managers of a relevant scheme must—
(a) design, and make available to eligible members of the scheme, one or more default pension benefit solutions;
(b) at such times or intervals as may be prescribed, review the design (and if appropriate the number) of the default pension benefit solutions.
(2) In this Chapter “pension benefit solution”, in relation to a relevant scheme, means a contractual or other arrangement for making pension payments in respect of members’ accrued rights.
(3) In this Chapter “default pension benefit solution”, in relation to a relevant scheme, means a pension benefit solution which—
(a) is designed for delivering money purchase benefits under the scheme to—
(i) the eligible members of the scheme generally, or
(ii) a subset of those eligible members,
(b) is designed to provide a regular income for the eligible members concerned in their retirement (whether or not together with other benefits),
(c) is for the time being designated by the trustees or managers as a default pension benefit solution, and
(d) meets any other conditions that may be prescribed.
(4) The trustees or managers of a relevant scheme must, in determining what default pension benefit solutions the scheme should make available (generally or to subsets of eligible members), take account of—
(a) the needs and interests of—
(i) the scheme’s membership as a whole, and
(ii) any subset of the scheme’s membership that the trustees or managers consider appropriate;
(b) the circumstances of different eligible members of the scheme (for example the normal pension ages of such members or the value or expected value of their money purchase benefits under the scheme);
(c) the possibility that a member may already have received some of their benefits (for example as a lump sum) before deciding to make use a default pension benefit solution.
(5) Regulations may make provision about how trustees or managers are to assess the needs and interests of its membership for the purposes of subsection (4)(a).
(6) Regulations may—
(a) specify descriptions of eligible members in relation to which subsection (3) is to have effect with the omission of paragraph (b) of that subsection;
(b) make provision about the meaning for the purposes of subsection (3)(b) of—
(i) “designed to provide a regular income”;
(ii) “retirement”.
(7) In this Chapter—
eligible member, in relation to a relevant scheme, means any member who is accruing or entitled to money purchase benefits and is not of a description excepted by regulations;
relevant scheme means an occupational pension scheme established under a trust which—
(a) provides benefits falling within paragraph (a) of the definition of “money purchase benefits” in section 181(1) of the Pension Schemes Act 1993,
(b) is a registered pension scheme, and
(c) is not of a description excepted by regulations.
(8) Regulations under this section—
(a) are subject to the negative procedure if they are made under subsection (6)(a);
(b) otherwise, are subject to the affirmative procedure.

43 Transferable members

(1) The trustees or managers of a relevant scheme (“the principal scheme”) are not required to comply with section 42(1) in relation to a member of the scheme in relation to whom the first or second condition is met; and such a member is referred to in this Chapter as a “transferable member”.
(2) The first condition is that it is not practicable for the trustees or managers of the scheme to design and make available to that member default pension benefit solutions.
(3) The second condition is that the trustees or managers of the principal scheme have identified a pension benefit solution of a relevant scheme (other than the principal scheme) which they consider will provide a better outcome for the member.
(4) Where the principal scheme has transferable members, the trustees or managers must take the steps set out in subsection (5) in respect of them.
(5) The steps mentioned in subsection (4) are to—
(a) identify a qualifying scheme (the “receiving scheme”) that is able and willing to—
(i) receive a transfer in respect of the accrued rights of the transferable member (a “relevant transfer”), and
(ii) make a qualifying pension benefit solution available to the transferable member;
(b) enter into arrangements (“transfer arrangements”) with the receiving scheme with a view to facilitating relevant transfers;
(c) take any other steps required by the regulations.
(6) In subsection (5)(a)(ii) “qualifying pension benefit solution” means a pension benefit solution designed and maintained by the trustees or managers of the receiving scheme that—
(a) is designed for delivering money purchase benefits under that scheme to—
(i) the eligible members of the receiving scheme generally, or
(ii) a subset of those eligible members,
(b) is designed to provide a regular income for the eligible members concerned in their retirement (whether or not together with other benefits), and
(c) meets any other conditions that may be prescribed.
(7) But nothing in this Chapter authorises any transfer in respect of a person’s accrued rights under a relevant scheme without that person’s consent.
(8) In subsection (5) “qualifying scheme” means—
(a) an occupational pension scheme, or
(b) a personal pension scheme,
that is a registered scheme and meets any prescribed conditions.
(9) If a transferable member accepts in writing a proposal of the principal scheme for the transferable member’s accrued rights to be transferred to the receiving scheme—
(a) the trustees or managers of the principal scheme must communicate that proposal to the receiving scheme, and
(b) the proposal is to be treated as requiring the receiving scheme to enrol the transferable member as a member of the receiving scheme and use the cash equivalent to provide rights for the member under that scheme.
(10) Regulations may prohibit or limit the charging of fees in respect of transfers made under transfer arrangements.
(11) The regulations may provide for the manner in which cash equivalents are to be calculated and verified.
(12) Regulations under this section are subject to the affirmative procedure.

44 Provision and gathering of information

(1) If a relevant scheme has available only one default pension benefit solution, the trustees or managers must ensure that the member is given at a prescribed time a communication which—
(a) describes the member’s default pension benefit solution, and
(b) sets out the trustees’ or managers’ opinion as to what might be the circumstances (in terms of age, pension savings etc) of a person for whom the default pension benefit solution is suitable.
(2) If a relevant scheme has available more than one default pension benefit solution, the trustees or managers must ensure that, at a prescribed time the member is given a communication which—
(a) describes the default pension benefit solution that the trustees or managers considers to be the most appropriate to the member (“the specified option”), and
(b) sets out the trustees’ or managers’ opinion as to what might be the circumstances (in terms of age, pension savings etc) of a person for whom the default pension benefit solution is suitable.
(3) Regulations may make provision about how a member’s default pension benefit solution is to be presented to a member when the member applies to receive benefits.
(4) The trustees or managers of a relevant scheme must ensure that each eligible member of the scheme is given at prescribed times or intervals—
(a) information about basic features of the member’s pension, including that it has—
(i) an accumulation phase, and
(ii) a decumulation phase;
(b) general information about the availability to the member of a default pension benefit solution and an explanation that such a default pension benefit solution is designed to provide an income during retirement.
(5) Regulations may require the trustees or managers of a relevant scheme to communicate to eligible members at prescribed times or intervals—
(a) information about the default pension benefit solutions offered by the scheme;
(b) information about any other options for receiving benefits offered by the scheme;
(c) general information about other options that may be available to the member for receiving benefits in respect of their contributions;
(d) information describing a particular default pension benefit solution of the scheme and confirming that the trustees consider it to be a default pension benefit solution;
(e) where information within paragraph (d) is included in a communication, the trustees’ or managers’ opinion as to what might be the circumstances (in terms of age, pension savings etc) of a person for whom the default pension benefit solution is suitable;
(f) any general information prescribed for the purpose of assisting eligible members in deciding how to receive their pension benefits.
(6) Communications made under or by virtue of any of subsections (1) to (5) must be in clear and plain language.
(7) The trustees or managers of a relevant scheme may request from eligible members of the scheme any information the trustees or managers consider reasonably necessary for the purpose of—
(a) designing or reviewing default pension benefit solutions;
(b) determining what default pension benefit solution may be appropriate for the member, including what rate of decumulation may be appropriate;
which may for example include information about the member’s financial circumstances or plans for retirement.
(8) Regulations may require the trustees or managers of relevant schemes to request from eligible members any information the trustees or managers consider appropriate for the purposes specified in subsection (7).
(9) In exercising their functions under subsection (7) trustees and managers must comply with any requirements that may be prescribed.
(10) Regulations may make provision about the format of any communications authorised or required to be made under this section.
(11) Before making regulations under this section the Secretary of State must consult any persons the Secretary of State thinks appropriate.
(12) Regulations under this section are subject to the negative procedure.

45 Information etc in connection with selection of benefit solution

(1) Regulations may require trustees or managers of a relevant scheme to offer to eligible members, at prescribed times or intervals, information which would or may assist in—
(a) the selection of a default pension benefit solution, or
(b) decisions that may need to be made with respect to a default pension benefit solution (for example as regards the rate of income withdrawal).
(2) Regulations may require that information given by virtue of subsection (1) must, as far as possible, be based on information about the member’s circumstances obtained under powers conferred by section 44.
(3) Regulations may require trustees or managers of a relevant scheme to—
(a) monitor the rate of decumulation under pension benefit solutions used by members, and
(b) inform the member concerned if the trustees or managers consider that the rate of decumulation should be reviewed.
(4) Regulations under this section are subject to the affirmative procedure.

46 Pension benefits strategy

(1) The trustees or managers of a relevant scheme must determine, and from time to time review and if necessary revise, a strategy (a “pension benefits strategy”) for ensuring that the trustees or managers—
(a) identify and carry out the steps they need to take for the purpose of understanding the requirements of eligible members of the scheme with regard to default pension benefit solutions;
(b) (subject to the provision about transferable members in section 43) design default pension benefit solutions that take account of those needs;
(c) take any steps such as are mentioned in section 43(5) that may be required in respect of any transferable members of the scheme.
(2) The trustees or managers must publish the strategy and ensure that a copy of it is provided on request to—
(a) the Pensions Regulator;
(b) any member of the scheme.
(3) Regulations may—
(a) specify any objectives, principles or matters the trustees or managers must take into account in determining or revising a strategy;
(b) make provision about the level of detail required in a pensions benefit strategy;
(c) authorise the Secretary of State to—
(i) determine the format in which a benefits strategy is to be set out, and
(ii) be authorised to delegate that function to the Pensions Regulator;
(d) make provision as to the period within which a pension benefits strategy must be determined;
(e) specify the intervals at which the strategy must be reviewed;
(f) require the trustees or managers of relevant schemes to—
(i) to take account, in determining or revising a strategy, any guidance issued by the Pensions Regulator;
(ii) provide in the strategy evidence of how they have taken account any matters prescribed by virtue of subsection (3)(a).
(4) Where any requirement of this section is not complied with, section 10 of the Pensions Act 1995 (civil penalties) applies to a trustee or manager who has failed to take all reasonable steps to secure compliance.
(5) Regulations under this section—
(a) are subject to the affirmative procedure if they are under subsection (3)(a);
(b) otherwise are subject to the negative procedure.
(6) In this section “transferable member” is to be interpreted in accordance with section 43(1).

47 Enforcement and compliance

(1) The Pensions Regulator may issue a fixed penalty notice to a person if it considers that the person has failed to comply with a requirement imposed by virtue of any provision of this Chapter.
(2) A “fixed penalty notice” is a notice requiring the person to whom it is issued to pay a penalty within the period specified in the notice.
(3) The penalty—
(a) is to be determined in accordance with regulations, and
(b) must not exceed £100,000.
(4) A fixed penalty notice must—
(a) state the amount of the penalty,
(b) state the date by which the penalty must be paid, which must be at least 28 days after the date on which the notice is issued,
(c) specify the failure to which the penalty relates,
(d) state that the Regulator may issue an escalating penalty notice under section 85 if the person fails to comply with the requirement in question, and
(e) notify the person to whom the notice is issued of the review process under section 43 of the Pensions Act 2008 and the right of referral to a tribunal under section 44 of that Act (as applied by subsection (5)).
(5) The following sections of the Pensions Act 2008 apply to a penalty notice under this section as they apply to a penalty notice under section 40 of that Act—
(a) section 42 (penalty notices: recovery);
(b) section 43 (review of penalty notices);
(c) section 44 (references to First-tier Tribunal or Upper Tribunal).
(6) Section 7 of the Pensions Act 1995 Act (appointment of trustees) is amended as follows.
(7) In subsection (3), at the end of paragraph (c) omit “or” at the end of paragraph (c) and after that paragraph insert—
(ca) to secure compliance with the duties of trustees under Chapter 5 of Part 2 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025, or
.
(8) Regulations under this section are subject to the affirmative procedure.

48 Crown application

(1) This Chapter applies to a pension scheme managed by or on behalf of the Crown as it applies to other pension schemes.
(2) Accordingly, references in this Chapter to a person in their capacity as a trustee or manager of a pension scheme include the Crown, or a person acting on behalf of the Crown, in that capacity.
(3) This Chapter applies to persons employed by or under the Crown as it applies to persons employed by a private person.

49 Interpretation and general

In this Chapter—
default pension benefit solution has the meaning given by section 42(3);
eligible member has the meaning given by section 42(7);
money purchase benefits has the same meaning as in the Pension Schemes Act 1993 (see section 181 of that Act);
occupational pension scheme has the same meaning as in the Pension Schemes Act 1993 (see section 1(1) of that Act);
pension scheme has the meaning given by section 1(5) of the Pension Schemes Act 1993;
personal pension scheme has the same meaning as in the Pension Schemes Act 1993 (see section 1(1) of that Act);
prescribed means prescribed by regulations;
principal scheme is to be interpreted in accordance with section 43(1);
registered pension scheme has the meaning given in Part 4 of the Finance Act 2004;
regulations means regulations made by the Secretary of State under this Chapter;
relevant scheme has the meaning given by section 42(7);
transferable member is to be interpreted in accordance with section 43(1);
trustees or managers, in relation to a pension scheme, means—
(a) where the scheme is established under a trust, the trustees of the scheme;
(b) in any other case, the managers of the scheme.

50 Corresponding provision in relation to FCA-regulated schemes

In the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, before section 137FC insert—

137FBD FCA general rules: default pension benefit solutions

(1) The FCA must exercise its power to make general rules so as to make provision, in relation to FCA-regulated pension schemes, corresponding to that made by Chapter 5 of Part 2 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 in relation to relevant schemes (within the meaning of that Chapter), with or without modifications.
(2) For the purposes of this section a pension scheme is “FCA-regulated” if the operation of the scheme—
(a) is carried on in such a way as to be a regulated activity for the purposes of this Act, and
(b) is carried on in the United Kingdom by a person who is in relation to that activity an authorised person.
(3) Subsection (1) does not require the FCA to exercise the power in relation to every case to which the power extends.
(4) In this section “pension scheme” has the meaning given by section 1(5) of the Pension Schemes Act 1993.

Part 3 — Superfunds

Chapter 1 — Introductory

51 Overview

(1) This Part—
(a) contains a regulatory framework for superfunds, and
(b) prohibits superfund transfers except where made in accordance with that framework.
(2) This Chapter defines key concepts such as “superfund scheme”, “superfund”, “superfund transfer” and “capital buffer”.
(3) Chapter 2 allows for authorisation of superfunds by the Regulator, which is an initial step that must be taken before a scheme is eligible to receive superfund transfers.
(4) Chapter 3 requires the Regulator’s approval for individual superfund transfers and sets out the criteria for granting approval.
(5) Chapter 4 sets out requirements that superfunds must meet on an ongoing basis once they have received a superfund transfer.
(6) Chapter 5 contains special procedures which apply if an “event of concern” (such as a superfund falling into financial difficulties or breaching regulatory requirements) takes place.
(7) Chapter 6 makes provision about interpretation of this Part and confers power to extend this Part to other similar structures.

52 Key concepts

(1) “Superfund scheme” means a trust-based occupational pension scheme—
(a) that has received a transfer of defined-benefit liabilities from another trust-based occupational pension scheme,
(b) that is supported by a capital buffer, and
(c) that is not supported by a substantive employer covenant,
or a trust-based occupational pension scheme that is managed or administered with a view to its becoming such a scheme.
(2) A trust-based occupational pension scheme is “supported by a capital buffer” if a contract or other legally binding arrangement has been entered into under which assets that are not assets of the scheme—
(a) must be held by a person in connection with the scheme, and
(b) must, in specified circumstances, be made available to the trustees for the purpose of satisfying liabilities of the scheme.
(3) “Capital buffer”, in relation to a trust-based occupational pension scheme, means assets that are the subject of a contract or other arrangement of the kind described in subsection (2) in relation to the scheme.
(4)

A trust-based occupational pension scheme is “not supported by a substantive employer covenant” if, based on the employer’s financial position, there is no realistic prospect of the employer being able to provide the trustees with material financial support for the purpose of satisfying liabilities of the scheme.

For that purpose the employer’s “financial position” means its financial position ignoring—

(a) any capital buffer, and
(b) any financial support which it may obtain from another person but to which it is not entitled.
(5) “Superfund”, in relation to a superfund scheme, means the scheme together with—
(a) any capital buffer, and
(b) any arrangements in place for the management and administration of the scheme or any capital buffer.
(6) “Superfund transfer” means a transfer of defined-benefit liabilities from a trust-based occupational pension scheme (whether or not itself a superfund scheme) to a superfund scheme.

53 Schemes divided into sections

(1) This section applies for the purposes of this Part (unless the context otherwise requires).
(2) Where a trust-based occupational pension scheme includes two or more sections—
(a) each section is treated as a separate scheme,
(b) the members of the scheme that are allocated to each section are treated as the members of that separate scheme,
(c) the assets and liabilities of the scheme that are allocated to each section are treated as the assets and liabilities of that separate scheme, and
(d) in the case of a superfund scheme, the assets of the capital buffer that are allocated to each section are treated as the capital buffer in relation to that separate scheme.
(3) Accordingly, in the case of a superfund scheme, any of the following is treated as a superfund transfer—
(a) the reallocation of members between sections;
(b) the combination of two or more sections;
(c) the division of one section into two or more.
(4) A “section” of a trust-based occupational pension scheme means arrangements—
(a) which have effect under the rules of the scheme (including, in the case of a superfund scheme, the capital buffer arrangement), and
(b) under which particular assets of the scheme (and, in the case of a superfund scheme, the capital buffer) may only be used to satisfy the scheme’s liabilities to or in respect of members of the scheme of a particular description,
and those particular assets, liabilities and members are “allocated” to the section in question.

Chapter 2 — Authorisation of superfunds

54 Prohibition of unauthorised superfund activity

(1) Where a pension scheme is not part of an authorised superfund, a person may not—
(a) promote the scheme (generally or to a particular person) with a view to its receiving a superfund transfer,
(b) enter into any arrangements on behalf of the scheme with a view to its receiving a superfund transfer, or
(c) cause or permit such promotion to take place or such arrangements to be entered into.
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply where the person takes all reasonable steps to ensure—
(a) in relation to promotion of a scheme, that it is clear from the promotion that the scheme is not part of an authorised superfund;
(b) in relation to arrangements entered into, that it is clear to every party to the arrangements, as at the time when the arrangements are entered into, that the scheme is not part of an authorised superfund.
(3) A person who breaches subsection (1) commits an offence.
(4) A person who commits an offence under subsection (3) is liable—
(a) on summary conviction in England and Wales, to a fine;
(b) on summary conviction in Scotland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum;
(c) on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or a fine or both.
(5) Section 88A of the Pensions Act 2004 (financial penalties) applies to a person who breaches subsection (1) (but see subsection (10) of that section, which prevents a penalty from being imposed in respect of an act where the person has been convicted of an offence in respect of the same act, or where proceedings for such an offence are ongoing).

55 Authorisation of superfunds

(1) The Regulator may authorise a superfund if satisfied, based on the superfund’s organisation, staff, plans, policies and procedures, that it is likely to comply with the requirements of Chapters 4 and 5 (ongoing requirements for superfunds).
(2) An application for authorisation must be made jointly by—
(a) the trustees of the superfund scheme, and
(b) a body corporate that is incorporated in the United Kingdom and that is involved in the scheme’s management or administration.
(3) An application for authorisation must be made in the manner and form specified by the Regulator.
(4) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision about applications for authorisation, including provision—
(a) about the documents and information that an application must include;
(b) requiring a fee to be paid to the Regulator in respect of an application.
(5) The Regulator must maintain and publish a list of authorised superfunds.
(6) Where a superfund has not yet received a superfund transfer, the Regulator may withdraw the superfund’s authorisation if no longer satisfied as described in subsection (1).
(7) Regulations under subsection (4) are subject to the negative procedure.

56 Timing of decisions about authorisation

(1) The Regulator must decide an application under this Part before the end of the period of 6 months beginning with the day on which it received the application (“the decision period”).
(2) If in a particular case the Regulator considers that the decision period is insufficient to enable it to decide the application, it may on one or more occasions extend that period by notice to the applicants; but it may not extend it beyond the end of the period of 9 months beginning with the day on which it received the application.
(3) Where an application received by the Regulator fails to comply with section 55 or regulations made under it (including where the applicants fail to pay a fee required in respect of the application) the references in subsections (1) and (2) to the day on which the Regulator receives the application are to the day on which the failure is remedied.

Chapter 3 — Approval of superfund transfers

57 Prohibition of unapproved superfund transfers

(1) A person may not make or receive a superfund transfer, or cause or permit a superfund transfer to be made or received, unless the superfund transfer is approved under this Chapter.
(2) A person who breaches subsection (1) commits an offence.
(3) A person who commits an offence under subsection (2) is liable—
(a) on summary conviction in England and Wales, to a fine;
(b) on summary conviction in Scotland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum;
(c) on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years or a fine or both.
(4) Section 88A of the Pensions Act 2004 (financial penalties) applies to a person who breaches subsection (1) (but see subsection (10) of that section, which prevents a penalty from being imposed in respect of an act where the person has been convicted of an offence in respect of the same act, or where proceedings for such an offence are ongoing).

58 Approval of superfund transfers

(1) The Regulator may approve a superfund transfer if—
(a) the receiving superfund is authorised,
(b) the ceding scheme does not have any active members, and
(c) the Regulator is satisfied, based on evidence provided by the trustees of the ceding scheme and by the responsible body of the receiving superfund, that each of the onboarding conditions is met in relation to the transfer.
(2) For the purposes of this Part, “the onboarding conditions” in relation to a superfund transfer are—
(a) that, as at the date of the application, the financial position of the ceding scheme is not strong enough to enable the trustees to arrange an insurer buyout;
(b) that the superfund transfer will make it more likely that the transferred liabilities will be satisfied in full;
(c) that the capital adequacy threshold will be met in relation to the receiving superfund immediately following the superfund transfer;
(d) that there is a very high likelihood that the technical provisions threshold will be met in relation to the receiving superfund at the end of the period of one year beginning with the date of the application;
(e) that the receiving superfund is likely to comply with the requirements of Chapters 4 and 5 (ongoing requirements of superfunds) after the superfund transfer takes place.
(3) Approval under this section may be given subject to conditions, including as to—
(a) the superfund transfer being made on terms of a specified description;
(b) the superfund transfer being made within a period of a specified description;
(c) any of the onboarding conditions continuing to be met for a period of a specified description after approval is given but before the superfund transfer is made.
(4) The Secretary of State may by regulations amend this section for the purpose of—
(a) substituting another condition relating to the financial position of the ceding scheme for the onboarding condition for the time being in subsection (2)(a);
(b) substituting another period for the period for the time being mentioned in subsection (2)(d).
(5) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision about the onboarding conditions, including provision about—
(a) the information and evidence that the trustees of the ceding scheme and the responsible body of the receiving superfund must provide for the purpose of satisfying the Regulator that an onboarding condition is met;
(b) how the Regulator is to assess whether an onboarding condition is met;
(c) the conditions that may or must be imposed under subsection (3).
(6) In relation to a superfund transfer—
the ceding scheme means the scheme from which the transferred liabilities are transferred (or intended to be transferred);
the receiving superfund means the superfund that includes the superfund scheme to which the transferred liabilities are transferred (or intended to be transferred);
the transferred liabilities means the liabilities that are transferred (or intended to be transferred).
(7) In subsection (1), “active members” has the same meaning as in Part 1 of the Pensions Act 1995 (see section 124 of that Act).
(8) Regulations under subsection (4) or (5) are subject to the affirmative procedure.
(9) See also section 59 (which makes special provision in relation to schemes that are being wound up in particular circumstances).

59 Special provision for certain schemes coming out of assessment period

Where in relation to a superfund transfer the ceding scheme is required to be wound up, or its winding up is required to continue, under section 154(1) of the Pensions Act 2004 (pension protection: requirement to wind up schemes with sufficient assets to meet protected liabilities), section 58(2) has effect as though—
(a) paragraph (a) were omitted, and
(b) for paragraph (b) there were substituted—
(b) that the superfund transfer—
(i) will increase the proportion of the transferred liabilities likely to be satisfied, and
(ii) will not lead to any member of the ceding scheme being worse off than they would be if the superfund transfer were not made;
.

60 Applications for approval

(1) An application for approval under section 58 must be made jointly by—
(a) the trustees of the ceding scheme, and
(b) the responsible body of the receiving superfund.
(2) The application must be made in the manner and form specified by the Regulator.
(3) The Regulator must decide whether or not to approve a superfund transfer, and must notify the applicants of its decision, as soon as reasonably practicable after receiving the application.
(4) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision about applications for approval, including about the documents and information that must be included in an application.
(5) Regulations under subsection (4) are subject to the negative procedure.

Chapter 4 — Ongoing requirements of operating superfunds

Governance and organisation

61 Governance and structure

(1) The responsible body of an operating superfund must ensure, so far as reasonably practicable, that the superfund has policies and procedures in place—
(a) that allow for the superfund to be managed and administered effectively in the interests of members of the superfund scheme,
(b) that ensure the superfund’s compliance with the requirements of this Part and any other legislation relating to pensions, and
(c) that are proportionate to the scale and nature of the superfund’s activities.
(2) Those policies and procedures must, in particular, address the following matters—
(a) how the responsible body, the other members of the superfund group, and the trustees of the superfund scheme are to interact with each other, and how any conflicts are to be resolved;
(b) how investment decisions are to be taken in relation to the capital buffer and the superfund scheme;
(c) the implications of receiving new superfund transfers;
(d) the management of risks.
(3) The responsible body of an operating superfund must ensure that the superfund meets any conditions specified in regulations made by the Secretary of State as to—
(a) the corporate form, jurisdiction of incorporation or jurisdiction of tax residence of a member of the superfund group;
(b) the structure of the superfund group;
(c) the terms of the capital buffer arrangement (including as to how, by whom, in what jurisdiction and on what terms the capital buffer may be held);
(d) compliance with tax legislation.
(4) Section 10 of the Pensions Act 1995 (civil penalties) applies to the responsible body if it breaches subsection (1) or (3).
(5) The Secretary of State may by regulations amend this section for the purpose of adding, removing or varying a matter which the policies and procedures mentioned in subsection (1) must address.
(6) Regulations under subsection (3) or (5) are subject to the affirmative procedure.

62 Management documents

(1) The responsible body of an operating superfund must ensure that each of the management documents—
(a) is prepared in relation to the superfund,
(b) complies with any requirements as to form or content specified in regulations made by the Secretary of State, and
(c) is kept under review and revised if appropriate.
(2) The responsible body of an operating superfund must ensure, so far as reasonably practicable, that the superfund is managed and administered in accordance with the management documents.
(3) “The management documents” means—
(a) a business plan;
(b) a governance manual;
(c) a continuity strategy;
(d) a fees and expenses policy.
(4) In subsection (3)
continuity strategy means a strategy for protecting the interests of members of the superfund scheme if an event of concern occurs;
fees and expenses policy means a document setting out how fees and expenses incurred by the superfund will be funded;
governance manual means a document setting out how and by whom the superfund is managed and administered.
(5) Section 10 of the Pensions Act 1995 (civil penalties) applies to the responsible body if it breaches subsection (1) or (2).
(6) The Secretary of State may by regulations amend this section for the purpose of adding, removing or varying a management document in subsection (3).
(7) Regulations under subsection (1)(b) are subject to the negative procedure.
(8) Regulations under subsection (6) are subject to the affirmative procedure.

Funding and investment

63 Duty to monitor financial thresholds

(1) The responsible body of an operating superfund must ensure that the superfund has adequate policies and procedures in place for monitoring whether each financial threshold is met.
(2) Section 10 of the Pensions Act 1995 (civil penalties) applies to the responsible body if it breaches subsection (1).
(3) See also Chapter 5 (events of concern) for the consequences of a financial threshold ceasing to be met.

64 “Financial thresholds”

(1) “The financial thresholds” means—
(a) the capital adequacy threshold,
(b) the technical provisions threshold,
(c) the protected liabilities threshold, and
(d) the scheme solvency threshold.
(2) “The capital adequacy threshold” is met in relation to a superfund if the total value of the assets of the scheme and the capital buffer is such that there is a very high likelihood that the liabilities of the scheme to and in respect of its members will be satisfied in full.
(3) “The technical provisions threshold” is met in relation to a superfund if the total value of the assets of the scheme and the capital buffer is greater than or equal to the scheme’s technical provisions.
(4) “The protected liabilities threshold” is met in relation to a superfund if the total value of the assets of the scheme and the capital buffer exceeds the amount of the scheme’s protected liabilities by a percentage specified in regulations made by the Secretary of State.
(5) “The scheme solvency threshold” is met in relation to a superfund on a given day if there is no material likelihood that the scheme will fail to satisfy all the liabilities to and in respect of members that it is required to satisfy during the 6 months beginning with that day.
(6) In this section
protected liabilities has the same meaning as in Chapter 3 of Part 2 of the Pensions Act 2004 (see section 131 of that Act);
technical provisions has the same meaning as in section 222 of the Pensions Act 2004 (and a superfund scheme’s technical provisions are to be calculated for the purposes of this section in the same way as its technical provisions would be calculated for the purposes of that section).
(7) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision about how to determine whether any of the financial thresholds is met, including about—
(a) how and by whom the value of the assets, liabilities or protected liabilities of the scheme, or the value of the capital buffer, is to be determined;
(b) how and by whom the likelihood of something happening is to be assessed;
(c) what constitutes a “very high” or “material” likelihood (including provision defining those expressions by reference to particular percentages or particular criteria).
(8) Regulations under subsection (7) may confer a discretion.
(9) Regulations under subsection (4) or (7) are subject to the affirmative procedure.

65 Capital buffer: compulsory release to trustees

(1) A person that is a party to the capital buffer arrangement in relation to an operating superfund must ensure, so far as it is in their power to do so, that the capital buffer arrangement requires the release of the capital buffer to the trustees of the superfund scheme if and to the extent that the release is required by—
(a) an approved response plan (see sections 80 and 81), or
(b) a direction of the Regulator under section 82 (direction-making powers following event of concern).
(2) The capital buffer is “released” to the extent that it is transferred or made available to any person otherwise than for market value consideration.
(3) Section 88A of the Pensions Act 2004 (civil penalties) applies to the person if they breach subsection (1).

66 Capital buffer: permitted release to other persons

(1) A person that is a party to the capital buffer arrangement in relation to an operating superfund must ensure, so far as it is in their power to do so, that the capital buffer arrangement does not permit the release of the capital buffer to a person other than the trustees of the superfund scheme except in accordance with subsection (2) or (3).
(2) The capital buffer arrangement may permit the release of the whole capital buffer if—
(a) the superfund scheme has satisfied all of its liabilities to and in respect of its members, or
(b) an insurer buyout has taken effect in relation to the superfund scheme.
(3) The capital buffer arrangement may permit the release of an amount of the capital buffer to the extent that the release is a permitted profit extraction.
(4) “Permitted profit extraction”, in relation to a superfund, means a release of the capital buffer—
(a) that takes place at a time when the capital adequacy threshold is exceeded to an extent, and has been exceeded for a period of time, specified in regulations made by the Secretary of State,
(b) that is made to a person of a description specified in the regulations, and
(c) in relation to which any other requirements specified in the regulations are met (which may include a requirement for the Regulator’s consent),
and for the purposes of paragraph (a) the capital adequacy threshold is “exceeded” if and to the extent that the total value of the assets of the scheme and the capital buffer is greater than the amount required in order for that threshold to be met.
(5) A person commits an offence if they cause or permit the capital buffer to be released (to any extent)—
(a) to a person other than the trustees of the superfund scheme, and
(b) otherwise than in accordance with the capital buffer arrangement.
(6) A person guilty of an offence under subsection (5) is liable—
(a) on summary conviction in England and Wales, to a fine;
(b) on summary conviction in Scotland, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum;
(c) on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding seven years or a fine or both.
(7) Section 88A of the Pensions Act 2004 (civil penalties) applies to a person who causes or permits the capital buffer to be released (to any extent)—
(a) to a person other than the trustees of the superfund scheme, and
(b) otherwise than in accordance with the capital buffer arrangement
(but see subsection (10) of that section, which prevents a penalty from being imposed in respect of an act where the person has been convicted of an offence in respect of the same act, or where proceedings for such an offence are ongoing).
(8) Section 10 of the Pensions Act 1995 (civil penalties) applies to a person who breaches subsection (1).
(9) Regulations under subsection (4) are subject to the affirmative procedure.

67 Capital buffer: investment

(1) The responsible body of an operating superfund must ensure that this section is complied with.
(2) The capital buffer must be invested in accordance with a strategy prepared by or under the supervision of the responsible body (“the capital buffer investment strategy”).
(3) The capital buffer investment strategy must comply with any requirements specified in regulations made by the Secretary of State.
(4) The requirements that may be specified by virtue of subsection (3) include requirements as to—
(a) the principles to be followed, and the matters to be taken into account, in investing the capital buffer;
(b) the form and content of the capital buffer investment strategy.
(5) The capital buffer investment strategy may not be materially altered except with the agreement of the trustees of the superfund scheme.
(6) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision about what counts as a “material” alteration for the purposes of subsection (5).
(7) Section 10 of the Pensions Act 1995 (civil penalties) applies to the responsible body if it breaches subsection (1).
(8) Regulations under subsection (3) are subject to the affirmative procedure.
(9) Regulations under subsection (6) are subject to the negative procedure.

68 Capital buffer: verification of valuations

(1) The responsible body of an operating superfund must appoint a person to be responsible for verifying valuations of the capital buffer that are carried out by or on behalf of the responsible body.
(2) The responsible body must ensure that the person appointed verifies such a valuation at least once in every period of 12 months.
(3) The responsible body must also ensure that the person appointed verifies such a valuation—
(a) if asked to do so by the trustees of the superfund scheme, and
(b) where otherwise required by virtue of this Part.
(4) The person appointed—
(a) must not be employed by, or involved in the management or administration of, a member of the superfund group, and
(b) must be a person who, in the reasonable opinion of the responsible body, has the appropriate qualifications and experience.
(5) A person may not be appointed without the consent of the trustees of the superfund scheme.
(6) Section 10 of the Pensions Act 1995 (civil penalties) applies to the responsible body if it breaches this section.

Approval and certification of key personnel

69 Key functions

(1) The responsible body of an operating superfund must ensure that there is at all times at least one individual responsible for each key function.
(2) Each of the following activities is a “key function” in relation to a superfund—
(a) taking management decisions;
(b) taking financial decisions;
(c) taking investment decisions;
(d) risk management;
(e) internal audit;
(f) marketing and promotion.
(3) An activity is not a key function so far as it relates only to the superfund scheme and not to any other part of the superfund.
(4) Section 10 of the Pensions Act 1995 (civil penalties) applies to the responsible body if it breaches this section.
(5) The Secretary of State may by regulations amend this section for the purpose of adding, removing or varying a key function in subsection (2).
(6) Regulations under subsection (5) are subject to the affirmative procedure.

70 Approval of individuals responsible for key functions

(1) An individual may not be responsible for a key function in relation to an operating superfund unless they are approved by the Regulator to be responsible for that key function in relation to the superfund.
(2) The Regulator may approve an individual only if satisfied that they are a fit and proper person to be responsible for that key function in relation to the superfund.
(3) In deciding whether it is so satisfied the Regulator must take into account, in particular, any matters specified in regulations made by the Secretary of State.
(4) The Regulator may not approve an individual to be responsible for risk management if the individual is already responsible for taking investment decisions, and vice versa.
(5) An application for approval must be made in the manner and form specified by the Regulator.
(6) Approval may be given for a specified period or subject to specified conditions (in which case the person is only approved to be responsible for the key function in question for that period or while those conditions are met).
(7) Approval may be given in advance of the superfund being authorised or becoming an operating superfund.
(8) If no longer satisfied as described in subsection (2) in relation to an individual, the Regulator may by notice to the responsible body—
(a) suspend its approval in relation to the individual for a period specified in the notice, or
(b) revoke its approval in relation to the individual with effect from a date specified in the notice.
(9) Subsection (1) does not apply to an individual while—
(a) they are responsible for a key function on a temporary basis, and
(b) the Regulator agrees, in light of the particular circumstances of the case, to the person’s being responsible for the key function on that basis without approval.
(10) If an individual is responsible for a key function in relation to an operating superfund in breach of subsection (1), section 10 of the Pensions Act 1995 (civil penalties) applies to—
(a) the individual, and
(b) the responsible body.
(11) Regulations under subsection (3) are subject to the negative procedure.

71 Certification of staff supporting individuals responsible for key functions

(1) The responsible body of an operating superfund must ensure, so far as reasonably practicable, that no individual carries out a key function in relation to the superfund unless the responsible body—
(a) is satisfied, having conducted due diligence in relation to the individual, that the individual is a fit and proper person to carry out the key function, and
(b) has issued a certificate to the individual confirming that it is so satisfied.
(2) The responsible body must keep a register of certificates issued under subsection (1).
(3) In deciding whether it is satisfied as described in subsection (1)(a), the responsible body must take into account, in particular, any matters specified in regulations made by the Secretary of State.
(4) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision about certificates issued under subsection (1), including about the period of time for which a certificate is valid.
(5) Section 10 of the Pensions Act 1995 (civil penalties) applies to the responsible body if it breaches subsection (1).
(6) Regulations under subsection (3) or (4) are subject to the negative procedure.

72 Approval of superfund scheme trustees

(1) A person may not be a trustee of an operating superfund scheme unless they are approved by the Regulator to be a trustee of the scheme.
(2) The Regulator may approve a person to be a trustee of a superfund scheme only if satisfied they are a fit and proper person to be a trustee of the scheme.
(3) In assessing whether a person is a fit and proper person, the Regulator must take into account, in particular, any matters specified in regulations made by the Secretary of State.
(4) The Regulator may not approve a person to be a trustee of a superfund scheme if the person is employed by, or involved in the management or administration of, a member of the superfund group.
(5) An application for approval must be made in the manner and form specified by the Regulator.
(6) Approval may be given for a specified period or subject to specified conditions (in which case the person is approved to be a trustee only for that period or only while those conditions are met).
(7) Approval may be given in advance of the superfund being authorised or becoming an operating superfund.
(8) If no longer satisfied as described in subsection (2) in relation to a person, the Regulator may by notice to the person—
(a) suspend its approval in relation to the person for a period specified in the notice, or
(b) revoke its approval in relation to the person with effect from a date specified in the notice.
(9) Subsection (1) does not apply to a person while—
(a) they serve as a trustee of a superfund scheme on a temporary basis, and
(b) the Regulator agrees, in light of the particular circumstances of the case, to their being a trustee on that basis without approval.
(10) If a person becomes a trustee of an operating superfund scheme in breach of subsection (1), section 10 of the Pensions Act 1995 applies to—
(a) the person, and
(b) the person who appointed them.
(11) Regulations under subsection (3) are subject to the negative procedure.

Information and reporting

73 Events to be notified to the Regulator

(1) The responsible body of an operating superfund must notify the Regulator of any of the following—
(a) a material deterioration in the investment performance of the capital buffer;
(b) a material change to any of the management documents;
(c) a material change to the capital buffer arrangement;
(d) a release of any of the capital buffer by way of permitted profit extraction;
(e) the bringing of proceedings against, or the launching of an investigation by a public body into, a member of the superfund group;
(f) a breach of any requirement of this Chapter.
(2) The trustees of an operating superfund scheme must notify the Regulator of any of the following—
(a) a material deterioration in the investment performance of the scheme;
(b) a material change to the rules of the scheme;
(c) the bringing of proceedings against, or the launching of an investigation by a public body into, the trustees.
(3) A notification under this section must be made—
(a) where the person responsible for the notification is aware in advance that the event in question is to take place, as soon as reasonably practicable after it becomes so aware;
(b) otherwise, as soon as reasonably practicable after the event takes place.
(4) A notification under this section must be made in the manner and form specified by the Regulator.
(5) Section 10 of the Pensions Act 1995 (civil penalties) applies to a person who breaches this section.
(6) The Secretary of State may by regulations make provision (including provision amending this section)—
(a) for the purpose of adding, removing or varying a matter to be notified under subsection (1) or (2);
(b) about what counts as “material” for the purposes of any paragraph of subsection (1) or (2).
(7) Regulations under subsection (6) are subject to the affirmative procedure.

74 Regular reporting

(1) The trustees of an operating superfund scheme must provide the Regulator with regular reports about the financial position of the superfund.
(2) The reports must comply with any requirements specified in regulations made by the Secretary of State, which may in particular include requirements as to—
(a) the form and content of reports;
(b) the times at which, and intervals at which, reports are to be provided.
(3) Section 10 of the Pensions Act 1995 (civil penalties) applies to the trustees if they breach this section.
(4) Regulations under subsection (2) are subject to the negative procedure.

75 Returns

(1) The Regulator may, by notice to the responsible body of an operating superfund, require the responsible body to submit a return to the Regulator for the purpose of enabling the Regulator to monitor—
(a) the financial position of the superfund, or
(b) the superfund’s compliance with the requirements of this Chapter.
(2) The notice must specify—
(a) the period within which the return must be submitted, and
(b) the information (or description of information) which the return must contain.
(3) The Regulator may not require the responsible body to submit a return more than once in any period of 12 months.
(4) Section 10 of the Pensions Act 1995 (civil penalties) applies to the responsible body if it fails to submit a return in accordance with a notice under this section.

76 Reports in relation to alleged compliance breaches

(1) If the Regulator considers or suspects that a requirement of this Chapter has been breached in relation to an operating superfund, it may give the responsible body notice of its intention to appoint a person to prepare a report about the issue to which the alleged breach relates.
(2) Where such notice is given, the responsible body—
(a) must provide the person appointed with whatever assistance the person reasonably requires, and
(b) must meet the Regulator’s reasonable costs in respect of the report.
(3) Section 10 of the Pensions Act 1995 (civil penalties) applies to the responsible body if it fails to comply with subsection (2).

77 Provision of information by responsible body to trustees

(1) The responsible body of an operating superfund must provide the trustees of the superfund scheme with whatever information relating to the superfund the trustees may reasonably request to enable the trustees to comply with any legislation relating to pensions that applies to them in respect of the superfund scheme.
(2) Section 10 of the Pensions Act 1995 (civil penalties) applies to the responsible body if it fails to comply with subsection (1).

Chapter 5 — Events of concern

78 “Event of concern” and “period of concern”

(1) An “event of concern” takes place in relation to a superfund if any of the following takes place—
(a) any one of the financial thresholds ceases to be met (subject to subsection (4));
(b) a debt falls due to the trustees of the superfund scheme under section 75 of the Pensions Act 1995;
(c) the capital buffer is released otherwise than in accordance with the capital buffer arrangement;
(d) an insolvency event becomes, in the opinion of the directors of the responsible body, likely to occur in relation to the responsible body;
(e) an insolvency event occurs in relation to a member of the superfund group;
(f) the responsible body notifies the Regulator that it wishes to cease to be the responsible body;
(g) a material transaction takes place;
(h) a superfund transfer is made to the superfund scheme without approval under Chapter 3;
(i) an application is made under Chapter 3 for approval of a superfund transfer in relation to which the ceding scheme is itself a superfund scheme;
(j) an application is made under Chapter 3 for approval of a superfund transfer of a kind described in section 53(3) (merger of sections etc);
(k) the responsible body or the trustees of the superfund scheme receive a notice from the Regulator stating that, in the Regulator’s opinion, the recipient of the notice—
(i) has breached a requirement of this Part or of any other legislation relating to pensions that applies to them in respect of the superfund, or
(ii) is likely to breach such a requirement if remedial action is not taken;
(l) the Regulator withdraws the superfund’s authorisation under section 86.
(2) “Period of concern”, in relation to an event of concern, means the period beginning when the event takes place and ending—
(a) when the Regulator gives the responsible body a notice under section 80(5) (event of concern resolved) in respect of the event, or
(b) when the superfund scheme is wound up.
(3) In subsection (1)(g) “material transaction” means—
(a) a change in the person or persons who have control of the responsible body, or
(b) a sale by a member of the superfund group of all or substantially all of its assets.
(4) The Secretary of State may by regulations provide that an event of concern within subsection (1)(a) does not take place—
(a) unless the Regulator is satisfied that the financial threshold in question is not met, or
(b) unless the threshold is not met for a period, or in circumstances, specified in the regulations (and for that purpose the period or circumstances specified may involve the exercise of a discretion by the Regulator).
(5) The Secretary of State may by regulations amend this section for the purpose of adding, removing or varying—
(a) an event of concern in subsection (1);
(b) a material transaction in subsection (3).
(6) In this section
control has the same meaning as in section 435 of the Insolvency Act 1986;
director includes any person occupying the position of director, by whatever name called;
insolvency event has the same meaning as in Part 2 of the Pensions Act 2004 (see section 121 of that Act).
(7) Regulations under this section are subject to the affirmative procedure.

79 Notification of Regulator in respect of events of concern

(1) A relevant person in relation to an operating superfund must notify the Regulator as soon as reasonably practicable after becoming aware that an event of concern—
(a) will or is likely to take place in relation to the superfund, or
(b) has already taken place in relation to the superfund.
(2) No notification need be given if the relevant person knows the Regulator already to be aware of the circumstances to be notified.
(3) The following are “relevant persons” in relation to an operating superfund—
(a) the responsible body;
(b) the trustees of the superfund scheme;
(c) in relation to the event of concern in section 78(1)(a), the actuary appointed under section 47(1)(b) of the Pensions Act 1995 in relation to the superfund scheme.

80 Responding to events of concern

(1) If an event of concern takes place in relation to an operating superfund, the Regulator must require the responsible body or the trustees of the superfund scheme, or both jointly, to propose a plan for responding to the event of concern (a “response plan”) within a period specified by the Regulator.
(2) The Regulator must approve a proposed response plan if satisfied, having regard to the interests of members of the superfund scheme, that the response plan—
(a) meets the requirements of section 81 (content of response plan), and
(b) is an appropriate plan for responding to the event of concern.
(3) If, having received a proposed response plan, the Regulator is not so satisfied—
(a) it must explain to the person that proposed the plan why not, and
(b) that person must propose another response plan, within the period required by the Regulator, that takes account of that explanation.
(4) An approved response plan may be amended, or replaced with a new approved response plan, by agreement between the person that proposed the plan and the Regulator.
(5) If the Regulator is satisfied—
(a) that an approved response plan has been carried out, and
(b) that the event of concern in question has been adequately resolved,
it must give a notice to that effect to the person that proposed the plan.
(6) In subsections (2) and (3), “proposed response plan” means a response plan proposed by virtue of subsection (1) or (3)(b).

81 Content of response plan

(1) The requirements mentioned in section 80(2)(a) are the following.
(2) A response plan must specify—
(a) the outcome which the plan is intended to achieve,
(b) the key steps which are to be taken to achieve that outcome,
(c) when and by whom those steps are to be taken, and
(d) how members of the superfund scheme are to be kept informed about the carrying out of the plan.
(3) Where the event of concern is the technical provisions threshold ceasing to be met, the response plan must require the whole of the capital buffer to be released to the trustees.
(4) Where the event of concern is the scheme solvency threshold ceasing to be met, the response plan must require so much of the capital buffer to be released to the trustees as equals the lower of the following—
(a) the amount that would enable the superfund scheme to meet the requirement in section 222(1) of the Pensions Act 2004 (requirement to cover technical provisions);
(b) the total value of the capital buffer.
(5) Where the event of concern is a debt falling due to the trustees of the superfund scheme under section 75 of the Pensions Act 1995, the response plan must require so much of the capital buffer to be released to the trustees as equals the lower of the following—
(a) the amount of the debt;
(b) the total value of the capital buffer.
(6) Where the event of concern is the protected liabilities threshold ceasing to be met, the response plan must require the immediate winding up of the superfund scheme.
(7) A response plan must take account of the superfund’s continuity strategy (but may deviate from it if, in the opinion of the person proposing the plan, the course of action contemplated by the continuity strategy is not appropriate in the circumstances).
(8) A response plan must not require the release of the capital buffer (to any extent) except as set out in subsection (3), (4) or (5).
(9) A response plan must meet any other requirements specified in regulations made by the Secretary of State, including in particular as to how the value of the capital buffer, or of any assets released from it, is to be determined for the purposes of a requirement within subsection (4) or (5).
(10) Regulations under subsection (9) are subject to the negative procedure.

82 Regulator’s direction-making powers during period of concern

(1) The Regulator may during a period of concern direct a member of the superfund group or the trustees of the superfund scheme to do any or all of the following—
(a) take a specified step that an approved response plan identifies as one which they are to take;
(b) take a specified step that the Regulator considers likely to enable or facilitate the carrying out of an approved response plan;
(c) if no response plan has been approved, take a specified step that the Regulator considers necessary or expedient for the purpose of responding to the event of concern in the interests of members of the superfund scheme;
(d) ensure that for a specified period—
(i) no payments are made out of the assets of the superfund scheme to or in respect of members;
(ii) no transfers of liabilities are made from the superfund scheme.
(2) A member of the superfund group, and the trustees of the superfund scheme, must comply with a direction given to them by the Regulator under this section; and if compliance with a direction results in a breach of the rules of the scheme, the breach is to be disregarded for all purposes.
(3) If an approved response plan contemplates that a person will become the responsible body of a superfund, and that person agrees to become the responsible body, the Regulator may direct that that person is to become the responsible body from a specified time.
(4) In this section, “specified” means specified (or of a description specified) in the direction.
(5) See section 83 for further provision about directions under subsection (1)(d).

83 Directions to pause payments or transfers of liabilities: supplementary provision

(1) This section applies to a direction under section 82(1)(d) (a “pause direction”).
(2) The Regulator may make a pause direction only if satisfied that doing so is reasonably necessary to protect the interests of members of the superfund scheme.
(3) A pause direction may make different provision for different purposes.
(4) The Regulator must cancel a pause direction if no longer satisfied as described in subsection (2).
(5) A pause direction, so far as not already cancelled, ceases to have effect when the period of concern to which it relates comes to an end.
(6) A payment that would have fallen due but for a pause direction falls due when the pause direction ceases to have effect.
(7) A pause direction within section 82(1)(d)(ii) (no transfers of liabilities) does not affect an order or provision falling within section 28(1) of the Welfare Reform and Pensions Act 1999 (pension sharing orders or provisions).
(8) The Secretary of State may by regulations modify any provision of Part 4ZA of the Pension Schemes Act 1993 (transfer rights etc) in its application to a superfund scheme in relation to which a pause direction has effect containing provision within section 82(1)(d)(ii) (no transfer of liabilities).
(9) Regulations under subsection (8) are subject to the affirmative procedure.

84 Fixed penalty notices

(1) The Regulator may issue a fixed penalty notice to a person if it considers that the person has failed to comply with a requirement imposed by or under section 79, 80 or 82.
(2) A “fixed penalty notice” is a notice requiring the person to whom it is issued to pay a penalty within the period specified in the notice.
(3) The penalty—
(a) is to be determined in accordance with regulations made by the Secretary of State, and
(b) must not exceed £100,000.
(4) A fixed penalty notice must—
(a) state the amount of the penalty,
(b) state the date before which the penalty must be paid, which must be at least 28 days after the date on which the notice is issued,
(c) specify the failure to which the penalty relates,
(d) state that the Regulator may issue an escalating penalty notice under section 85 if the person fails to comply with the requirement in question, and
(e) notify the person to whom the notice is issued of the review process under section 43 of the Pensions Act 2008 and the right of referral to a tribunal under section 44 of that Act (as applied by subsection (5)).
(5) The following sections of the Pensions Act 2008 apply to a penalty notice under this section as they apply to a penalty notice under section 40 of that Act—
(a) section 42 (penalty notices: recovery);
(b) section 43 (review of penalty notices);
(c) section 44 (references to First-tier Tribunal or Upper Tribunal).
(6) Regulations under subsection (3)(a) are subject to the negative procedure.

85 Escalating penalty notices

(1) The Regulator may issue an escalating penalty notice to a person if—
(a) it considers that the person has failed to comply with a requirement imposed by virtue of section 79, 80 or 82,
(b) it has already issued the person with a fixed penalty notice under section 84 in respect of that failure, and
(c) the period for paying the penalty specified in that notice has passed without the requirement to which that notice related being complied with.
(2) An “escalating penalty notice” is a notice requiring a person to pay a penalty calculated by reference to a daily rate if the person fails before a specified date to comply with the requirement to which the notice relates.
(3) The daily rate—
(a) is to be determined in accordance with regulations made by the Secretary of State, and
(b) must not exceed £20,000.
(4) The Regulator may not issue an escalating penalty notice to a person if—
(a) the person has exercised the right of referral to a tribunal under section 44 of the Pensions Act 2008 (as applied by section 84(5)) in respect of a fixed penalty notice issued under section 84,
(b) the escalating penalty notice relates to the same failure as the fixed penalty notice, and
(c) the reference in respect of the fixed penalty notice has not been determined.
(5) An escalating penalty notice must—
(a) specify the failure to which the penalty relates,
(b) state that, if the person fails to comply with the requirement to which the notice relates before a specified date, the person will be liable to pay an escalating penalty,
(c) state the daily rate of the escalating penalty and the way in which the penalty is calculated,
(d) state the date from which the escalating penalty will be payable,
(e) state that the escalating penalty will continue to be payable at the daily rate until the date on which the person complies with the requirement to which the notice relates or an earlier date specified in the notice, and
(f) notify the person to whom the notice is issued of the review process under section 43 of the Pensions Act 2008 and the right of referral to a tribunal under section 44 of that Act (as applied by subsection (6)).
(6) The following sections of the Pensions Act 2008 apply to an escalating penalty notice under this section as they apply to an escalating penalty notice under section 41 of that Act
(a) section 42 (penalty notices: recovery);
(b) section 43 (review of penalty notices);
(c) section 44 (references to First-tier Tribunal or Upper Tribunal).
(7) Regulations under subsection (3)(a) are subject to the negative procedure.

86 Withdrawal of authorisation

The Regulator may during a period of concern withdraw authorisation from a superfund if satisfied that the superfund has failed to comply with the requirements of Chapter 4 or this Chapter.

87 Release of capital buffer treated as reducing employer debt

Where some or all of the capital buffer is released in consequence of a debt falling due to the trustees of the superfund scheme under section 75 of the Pensions Act 1995, the debt due under that section is treated as reduced by the value of the assets released (as calculated in accordance with regulations under section 81(9)).

Chapter 6 — General provision and interpretation

88 Power to extend superfunds legislation to similar structures

(1) The Secretary of State may by regulations—
(a) apply any superfunds legislation, with or without modifications, to a similar structure;
(b) make, in relation to a similar structure, provision that is similar to or that corresponds to any superfunds legislation.
(2) “Superfunds legislation” means provision made by this Act (including provision amending other legislation) so far as it applies in relation to superfunds.
(3) “Similar structure” means arrangements to which this Part does not (ignoring this section) apply but that involve a trust-based occupational pension scheme—
(a) that has defined-benefit liabilities, and
(b) that is not supported by a substantive employer covenant
(whether or not the scheme receives, or is managed or administered with a view to its receiving, transfers of defined-benefit liabilities from other schemes).
(4) The power under subsection (1) can be exercised so as to amend an Act.
(5) Regulations under subsection (1) are subject to the affirmative procedure.

89 Construction of “occupational pension scheme” and “employer” in relation to superfund schemes

(1) This section applies to a pension scheme—
(a) that is established for the purpose of receiving superfund transfers, and
(b) that, immediately after it is established, is capable of having effect so as to provide benefits to or in respect of people with service in employment of a description.
(2) For the purposes of the definition of “occupational pension scheme” in section 1(1) of the Pension Schemes Act 1993, the scheme is assumed to meet the condition in paragraph (a) of that definition (condition that scheme be established by employer for the purpose of providing benefits to employees).
(3) For the purposes of the definitions of “employer” in section 124(1) of the Pensions Act 1995, section 318(1)(a) of the Pensions Act 2004 and section 92 of this Act, the scheme is assumed to relate to the description of employment mentioned in subsection (1)(b) above (in addition to any other description of employment to which it relates).
(4) If—
(a) the scheme includes more than one section, and
(b) a section of the scheme is, immediately after the section comes into being, capable of having effect so as to provide benefits to or in respect of people with service in employment of a description,
then for the purposes of the definitions mentioned in subsection (3), both the section and the scheme are assumed to relate to the description of employment mentioned in paragraph (b) (in addition to any other description of employment to which they relate).

90 Consequential amendments

(1) In the Pensions Act 1995, in section 75 (deficiencies in the assets), after subsection (1A) insert—
(1B) In relation to a superfund scheme, section 53(2) of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 (sections treated as separate schemes) applies for the purposes of this section as it applies for the purposes of Part 3 of that Act.
(2) In the Occupational Pension Schemes (Preservation of Benefit) Regulations 1991 (S.I. 1991/167), in regulation 12 (transfer of member’s accrued rights without consent), after paragraph (1) insert—
(1ZA) Where—
(a) the transferring scheme is required to be wound up, or its winding up is required to continue, under section 154(1) of the Pensions Act 2004 (requirement to wind up schemes with sufficient assets to meet protected liabilities), and
(b) the receiving scheme is a superfund scheme within the meaning of Part 3 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 (see section 92 of that Act),
paragraph (1) of this regulation has effect as though for “the conditions set out in paragraphs (2) and (3) of this regulation are” there were substituted “the condition set out in paragraph (2) of this regulation is”.
(3) See also the Schedule, which contains amendments to the Pensions Act 2004 that (in some cases) are consequential on this Part.

91 Transitional provision

(1) The provision that may be made by virtue of section 101(9)(a) (power to make transitional or saving provision in connection with coming into force of Act) includes special provision in relation to a superfund that has been authorised under the interim regime; for example, provision—
(a) for a provision of this Part not to apply to, or to apply differently in respect of, a superfund that has been authorised under the interim regime;
(b) for a superfund that has been authorised under the interim regime to be treated for the purposes of any provision of Chapter 4 or 5 as an operating superfund.
(2) For the purposes of subsection (1), a superfund is “authorised under the interim regime” if its name has been published on the Regulator’s website as a result of its having made a successful application to the Regulator under the arrangements for the assessment and supervision of superfunds operated by the Regulator before the coming into force of this Part.

92 Interpretation of Part

(1) In this Part
approved response plan means a response plan which has been approved by the Regulator under section 80;
assets, in relation to the capital buffer, includes cash;
associate, in relation to a body corporate, has the meaning given in section 435(6) of the Insolvency Act 1986 (read with section 435(11));
authorised, in relation to a superfund, means authorised under Chapter 2 (except in section 91);
the capital adequacy threshold has the meaning given by section 64(2);
capital buffer has the meaning given by section 52(3);
the capital buffer arrangement, in relation to the capital buffer, means the contract or other arrangement referred to in section 52(2);
the ceding scheme has the meaning given by section 58(6);
continuity strategy has the meaning given by section 62(4);
defined benefits has the same meaning as in Part 1 of the Pensions Act 2008 (see section 99 of that Act);
defined-benefit liability means a liability to pay defined benefits to a member of a pension scheme;
the employer, in relation to an occupational pension scheme, means the employer of persons in the description of employment to which the scheme in question relates (and see also section 89);
event of concern has the meaning given by section 78(1);
the financial thresholds has the meaning given by section 64(1);
insurer buyout, in relation to a pension scheme, means an arrangement under which an insurer takes on responsibility for satisfying all the liabilities of the scheme in full;
key function has the meaning given by section 69(2) and (3);
liabilities, in relation to a pension scheme, includes present and future liabilities;
the management documents has the meaning given by section 62(3);
not supported by a substantive employer covenant has the meaning given by section 52(4);
occupational pension scheme has the same meaning as in the Pension Schemes Act 1993 (see section 1 of that Act and section 89 above);
the onboarding conditions has the meaning given by section 58(2) (read with any regulations under section 58(4));
operating superfund means a superfund of which the superfund scheme is an operating superfund scheme;
operating superfund scheme means a superfund scheme—
(a) that is part of an authorised superfund or of a superfund whose authorisation has been withdrawn under section 86, and
(b) to which one or more superfund transfers have been made;
pension scheme has the meaning given by section 1(5) of the Pension Schemes Act 1993;
period of concern has the meaning given by section 78(2);
permitted profit extraction has the meaning given by section 66(4);
the protected liabilities threshold has the meaning given by section 64(4);
the receiving superfund has the meaning given by section 58(6);
the Regulator means the Pensions Regulator;
release, in relation to the capital buffer, has the meaning given by section 65(2);
response plan has the meaning given by section 80(1);
the responsible body, in relation to an authorised superfund, means—
(a) the body corporate that applied for the superfund to be authorised (see section 55(2)), or
(b) where the Regulator has directed under section 82(3) that another person is to become the responsible body, that other person;
the rules of the scheme, in relation to a trust-based occupational pension scheme, includes the trust deed;
the scheme solvency threshold has the meaning given by section 64(5);
section has the meaning given by section 53;
superfund has the meaning given by section 52(5);
superfund group, in relation to a superfund, means the responsible body and every body corporate—
(a) that is involved in the management or administration of the superfund, and
(b) that is an associate of the responsible body;
superfund scheme has the meaning given by section 52(1) (read with section 53);
superfund transfer has the meaning given by section 52(6);
supported by a capital buffer has the meaning given by section 52(2);
the technical provisions threshold has the meaning given by section 64(3);
transfer, in relation to liabilities of a pension scheme, is to be read with subsection (2);
the transferred liabilities has the meaning given by section 58(6);
trust-based occupational pension scheme means an occupational pension scheme established under a trust.
(2) References in this Part to a transfer of liabilities from one pension scheme to another are to any transaction whereby—
(a) a person who has present or future rights to receive defined benefits under the first scheme ceases to have those rights, and
(b) that person instead acquires present or future rights to receive defined benefits under the second scheme.
(3) The Secretary of State may by regulations amend this section for the purpose of changing the definition of “superfund group”.
(4) Regulations under subsection (3) are subject to the affirmative procedure.

Part 4 — Miscellaneous

93 Alienation or forfeiture of occupational pension

(1) The Pensions Act 1995 is amended in accordance with subsections (2) and (3).
(2) In section 91 (inalienability of occupational pension)—
(a) in subsection (6), in the words after paragraph (b)
(i) for “there is a dispute as to its amount” substitute “a dispute has arisen as to the amount of the monetary obligation in question”;
(ii) for the words from “the obligation in question” to the end substitute “one of the following conditions is met.”;
(b) after subsection (6) insert—
(6A) The conditions mentioned in subsection (6) are—
(a) that the dispute has been resolved by the parties to it;
(b) that the Pensions Ombudsman has made a determination under Part 10 of the Pension Schemes Act 1993 or Part 10 of the Pension Schemes (Northern Ireland) Act 1993 (investigations) as to the amount of the monetary obligation in question;
(c) that the monetary obligation in question has become enforceable—
(i) under an order of a competent court, or
(ii) in consequence of an award of an arbitrator or, in Scotland, an arbiter to be appointed (failing agreement between the parties) by the sheriff.
(3) In section 93 (forfeiture by reference to obligation to employer), in subsection (3)
(a) for “there is a dispute” substitute “a dispute has arisen”;
(b) for the words from “the obligation has become” to the end substitute “—
(a) the dispute has been resolved by the parties to it,
(b) the Pensions Ombudsman has made a determination under Part 10 of the Pension Schemes Act 1993 or Part 10 of the Pension Schemes (Northern Ireland) Act 1993 (investigations) as to the amount of the monetary obligation in question, or
(c) the monetary obligation in question has become enforceable—
(i) under an order of a competent court, or
(ii) in consequence of an award of an arbitrator or, in Scotland, an arbiter to be appointed (failing agreement between the parties) by the sheriff.
(4) The Pensions (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 is amended in accordance with subsections (5) and (6).
(5) In Article 89 (inalienability of occupational pension)—
(a) in paragraph (6), in the words after sub-paragraph (b)
(i) for “there is a dispute as to its amount” substitute “a dispute has arisen as to the amount of the monetary obligation in question”;
(ii) for the words from “the obligation in question” to the end substitute “one of the following conditions is met.”;
(b) after paragraph (6) insert—
(6A) The conditions mentioned in paragraph (6) are—
(a) that the dispute has been resolved by the parties to it;
(b) that the Pensions Ombudsman has made a determination under Part 10 of the Pension Schemes (Northern Ireland) Act 1993 or Part 10 of the Pension Schemes Act 1993 (investigations) as to the amount of the monetary obligation in question;
(c) that the monetary obligation in question has become enforceable—
(i) under an order of a competent court, or
(ii) in consequence of an award of an arbitrator.
(6) In Article 91 (forfeiture by reference to obligation to employer), in paragraph (3)
(a) for “there is a dispute” substitute “a dispute has arisen”;
(b) for the words from “the obligation has become” to the end substitute “—
(a) the dispute has been resolved by the parties to it,
(b) the Pensions Ombudsman has made a determination under Part 10 of the Pension Schemes (Northern Ireland) Act 1993 or Part 10 of the Pension Schemes Act 1993 (investigations) as to the amount of the monetary obligation in question, or
(c) the monetary obligation in question has become enforceable—
(i) under an order of a competent court, or
(ii) in consequence of an award of an arbitrator.

94 Terminal illness

In the following provisions (which relate to the life expectancy required for a person to be regarded as “terminally ill” for purposes relating to compensation or assistance from the Pension Protection Fund or Financial Assistance Scheme), for “6 months” or “six months” substitute “12 months”—
(a) in the Pensions Act 2004, in Schedule 7, paragraph 25B(3);
(b) in the Pensions (Northern Ireland) Order 2005 (S.I. 2005/255 (N.I. 1)), in Schedule 6, paragraph 25B(3);
(c) in the Pensions Act 2008, in Schedule 5, paragraph 12(3);
(d) in the Pensions (No. 2) Act (Northern Ireland) 2008 (c.13 (N.I.)), in Schedule 4, paragraph 12(3);
(e) in the Financial Assistance Scheme Regulations 2005 (S.I. 2005/1986), regulations 2(9) and 17(3D)(b)(i).

95 Pension protection levies

(1) The Pensions Act 2004 is amended as follows.
(2) In section 113 (investment of funds), in subsection (2)(b), omit “174 or”.
(3) For the italic heading before section 174 substitute “Pension protection levies”.
(4) Omit section 174 (initial levy).
(5) In section 175 (pension protection levies)—
(a) for subsection (1) substitute—
(1) For each financial year, the Board—
(a) may impose a risk-based pension protection levy in respect of a description of eligible scheme (or in respect of all eligible schemes), and
(b) if it does so, may also impose a scheme-based pension protection levy in respect of the same or a different description of eligible scheme (or in respect of all eligible schemes).
In this Chapter “pension protection levy” means a levy imposed in accordance with this section.
;
(b) in subsection (3), after paragraph (a) insert—
(aa) the risks associated with a description of scheme which the Board considers is not supported by a substantive employer covenant;
;
(c) in subsection (5), in the words before paragraph (a), after “financial year” insert “for which it decides to impose the pension protection levies (or one of them)”;
(d) omit subsection (7);
(e) before subsection (8) insert—
(7A)

For the purposes of subsection (3)(aa), a scheme is “not supported by a substantive employer covenant” if, based on the financial position of the employer, there is no realistic prospect of the employer being able to provide the trustees or managers with material financial support for the purpose of satisfying liabilities of the scheme.

For that purpose the employer’s “financial position” means its financial position ignoring—

(a) any capital buffer (within the meaning of Part 3 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025), and
(b) any financial support which it may obtain from another person but to which it is not entitled.
;
(f) in subsection (8), omit the definition of “initial period”;
(g) in subsection (10)—
(i) in the words before paragraph (a), for “duty” substitute “power”;
(ii) omit paragraph (b) and the “and” before it.
(6) In section 176 (supplementary provisions about pension protection levies)—
(a) in subsection (1)—
(i) for paragraph (a) substitute—
(a) no pension protection levies were imposed in the previous financial year, or
;
(ii) in paragraph (b), for “the pension protection levies” substitute “any pension protection levies”;
(iii) omit paragraph (c) and the “or” before it;
(b) for subsection (2) substitute—
(2) The Board must publish in the prescribed manner details of—
(a) any decision to impose, or not to impose, the levies for a financial year in respect of a description of scheme;
(b) any determination under section 175(5).
(7) In section 177 (amounts to be raised by the pension protection levies)—
(a) at the beginning insert—
(A1) Subsections (1) to (5) apply where the Board decides to impose one or both of the pension protection levies for a financial year.
;
(b) in each of subsections (1), (2) and (3), for “a financial year” substitute “the financial year”;
(c) omit subsection (4);
(d) for subsection (5) substitute—
(5) The Board must impose pension protection levies for the financial year in a form which it estimates will raise an amount which does not exceed the sum of—
(a) the amount estimated under subsection (1) in respect of any pension protection levies imposed for the previous financial year, and
(b) 25% of the levy ceiling for the previous financial year.
;
(e) in subsection (8), for the words from “Regulations” to “(6),” substitute “An order under subsection (6)”;
(f) in subsection (9), omit paragraph (b) and the “and” before it.
(8) In section 178 (levy ceiling)—
(a) in subsection (1), omit “for which levies are required to be imposed under section 175”;
(b) omit subsection (2);
(c) in subsection (3), in the words before paragraph (a), omit “after the first year for which levies are imposed under section 175”.
(9) Omit section 180 (transitional provision now spent).
(10) In section 181 (calculation, collection and recovery of levies), in subsection (1), omit paragraph (a) and the “and” after it.
(11) In section 316 (parliamentary control of subordinate legislation), in subsection (2), omit paragraph (c).

96 Pensions dashboards

(1) In section 4A of the Financial Guidance and Claims Act 2018 (specific functions included in the pensions guidance function)—
(a) in subsection (2)—
(i) omit the “and” after paragraph (b);
(ii) after paragraph (c) insert—
(d) the Pension Protection Fund, including information relating to an individual, and
(e) the financial assistance scheme, including information relating to an individual.
;
(b) in subsection (6), at the appropriate place insert—
financial assistance scheme means the scheme provided for by regulations under section 286 of the Pensions Act 2004 (financial assistance scheme for members of certain pension schemes);
.
(2) The Pensions Act 2004 is amended as follows.
(3) In section 203 (provision of information relating to the Pension Protection Fund to members of schemes etc)—
(a) in subsection (1)(a), after “times” insert “or in prescribed circumstances”;
(b) after subsection (1) insert—
(1A) Regulations under subsection (1)(a) may make provision about how information is to be provided, including provision requiring—
(a) the use of electronic communications;
(b) the use of facilities or services specified or of a description specified in the regulations;
(c) information to be provided in such a way that it can subsequently be provided by means of—
(i) a qualifying pensions dashboard service, or
(ii) the pensions dashboard service provided by the Money and Pensions Service.
(1B) In subsection (1A)
pensions dashboard service means a pensions dashboard service within the meaning of section 238A(1);
qualifying pensions dashboard service has the meaning given by section 238A(2).
(4) In section 238A (qualifying pensions dashboard service), in subsection (4), after paragraph (b) insert—
(ba) information of a prescribed description about—
(i) the Pension Protection Fund;
(ii) the financial assistance scheme;
(bb) Pension Protection Fund information relating to the individual in question of such description as may be prescribed;
(bc) financial assistance scheme information relating to the individual in question of such description as may be prescribed;
.
(5) In section 238C (interpretation), in subsection (4), at the appropriate place insert—
financial assistance scheme means the scheme provided for by regulations under section 286 (financial assistance scheme for members of certain pension schemes);
.

Part 5 — General

97 Amendments of Pensions Act 2004

The Schedule amends the Pensions Act 2004 in consequence of or in connection with this Act.

98 Regulations: general

(1) Regulations under this Act are to be made by statutory instrument.
(2) A power to make regulations under this Act includes power to make incidental, supplementary, consequential or transitional provision.
(3) A power to make regulations under this Act may be exercised—
(a) either in relation to all cases to which the power extends, or in relation to those cases subject to specified exceptions, or in relation to any specified cases or classes of case;
(b) so as to make, as respects the cases in relation to which it is exercised—
(i) the full provision to which the power extends or any less provision (whether by way of exception or otherwise),
(ii) the same provision for all cases in relation to which the power is exercised, or different provision for different cases or different classes of case or different provision as respects the same case or class of case for different purposes of this Act, or
(iii) any such provision either unconditionally or subject to any specified condition.
(4) A power to make regulations under any provision of this Act does not restrict the width of any power to make regulations under any other provision of this Act or under any other enactment.
(5) This section does not apply to regulations under section 101.

99 Regulations: procedure

(1) Where regulations under this Act are subject to “the affirmative procedure”, the regulations may not be made unless a draft of the statutory instrument containing them has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament.
(2) Where regulations under this Act are subject to “the negative procedure”, the statutory instrument containing them is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.
(3) Any provision that may be made by regulations under this Act subject to the negative procedure may instead be made by regulations subject to the affirmative procedure.

100 Extent

(1) Subject to subsection (2), this Act extends to England and Wales and Scotland.
(2) Any amendment, repeal or revocation made by this Act has the same extent as the provision amended, repealed or revoked.

101 Commencement

(1) Any provision of or amendment made by this Act, so far as it confers a power to make subordinate legislation, comes into force on the day on which this Act is passed.
(2) So far as not brought into force under subsection (1), this Act comes into force as follows.
(3) Part 1 comes into force on such day as the Secretary of State may by regulations appoint.
(4) Part 2 comes into force as follows—
(a) Chapters 1 and 2 come into force on the day on which this Act is passed;
(b) Chapter 3 comes into force on such day after 31 December 2029 as the Secretary of State may by regulations appoint;
(c) Chapter 4 comes into force on such day as the Treasury may by regulations appoint;
(d) Chapter 5 comes into force on such day as the Secretary of State may by regulations appoint.
(5) Regulations made under a power conferred by Chapter 3 of Part 2, except so far as they relate to the preparation and publishing of a report under section 28C(11)(b) of the Pensions Act 2008 or the Secretary of State’s duty to consult under section 28C(13) of that Act, are not to come into force before 1 January 2030.
(6) Part 3 comes into force on such day as the Secretary of State may by regulations appoint.
(7) Part 4 comes into force as follows—
(a) sections 93 and 94 come into force at the end of the period of two months beginning with the day on which this Act is passed;
(b) section 95 comes into force on such day as the Secretary of State may by regulations appoint;
(c) section 96 comes into force on the day on which this Act is passed.
(8) This Part comes into force as follows—
(a) sections 97 to 102 come into force on the day on which this Act is passed;
(b) the Schedule comes into force on such day as the Secretary of State may by regulations appoint.
(9) Transitional or saving provision may by regulations be made—
(a) by the Secretary of State in connection with the coming into force of any provision of this Act except Chapter 4 of Part 2;
(b) by the Treasury in connection with the coming into force of any provision of Chapter 4 of Part 2.
(10) Regulations under this section
(a) may make different provision for different purposes;
(b) are to be made by statutory instrument.

102 Short title

This Act may be cited as the Pension Schemes Act 2025.

Schedule1 — Amendments of Pensions Act 2004

1 The Pensions Act 2004 is amended as follows.
2 In section 10 (functions exercisable by the Determinations Panel), in subsection (6), at the end insert—
(m) section 55 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 (application for authorisation of a superfund);
(n) section 58 of that Act (application for approval of a superfund transfer);
(o) section 70 of that Act (application for approval of individual to be responsible for key function in relation to superfund);
(p) section 72 of that Act (application to approve a person to be a trustee of a superfund scheme).
3 In section 13 (improvement notices) in subsection (7), after paragraph (i) insert—
(j) Part 2 or 3 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025.
4 In section 70 (duty to report breaches of the law), in subsection (1), at the end insert—
(g) in relation to an operating superfund—
(i) a member of the superfund group;
(ii) a person who is responsible for a key function.
5 In section 72 (provision of information) subsection (2), after paragraph (c) (but before the “and” that follows it) insert—
(ca) in relation to an operating superfund—
(i) a member of the superfund group, and
(ii) a person who is responsible for a key function,
.
6
(1) In section 73 (inspection of premises), subsection (2) is amended as follows.
(2) After paragraph (dc) insert—
(dd) any of the following provisions of the Pension Schemes Act 2025—
(i) Chapter 1 of Part 2 (value for money);
(ii) Part 3 (superfunds);
(3) In paragraph (e), for “(dc)” substitute “(dd)”.
7 In section 76 (inspection of premises: supplementary), in subsection (3)(a), after “of this Act,” insert “section 84 or 85 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025,”.
8 In section 77A (fixed penalty notices), at the end insert—
(7) Where the recipient of the notice is—
(a) a trustee of an operating superfund scheme,
(b) the responsible body of an operating superfund, or
(c) a person responsible for a key function in relation to an operating superfund,
subsection (3)(b) has effect as though the figure mentioned there were £100,000.
9 In section 77B (escalating penalty notices), at the end insert—
(9) Where the recipient of the notice is—
(a) a trustee of an operating superfund scheme,
(b) the responsible body of an operating superfund, or
(c) a person responsible for a key function in relation to an operating superfund,
subsection (5)(b) has effect as though the figure mentioned there were £20,000.
10 In section 80 (offences of providing false or misleading information), in subsection (1)(c)—
(a) in the words before sub-paragraph (i), after “under” insert “any of the following”;
(b) omit the “or” after sub-paragraph (v);
(c) each of sub-paragraphs (i) to (vi) becomes an unnumbered paragraph;
(d) at the end insert—
Part 3 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 (superfunds).
11 In section 80A (financial penalty for providing false or misleading information to Regulator), in subsection (2)(c)—
(a) in the words before sub-paragraph (i), after “under” insert “any of the following”;
(b) omit the “or” after sub-paragraph (v);
(c) each of sub-paragraphs (i) to (vi) becomes an unnumbered paragraph;
(d) at the end insert—
Part 3 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 (superfunds).
12
(1) Section 90 (codes of practice issued by Regulator) is amended as follows.
(2) In subsection (2), after paragraph (jd) insert—
(je) the process for making—
(i) an application for authorisation of a superfund under Chapter 2 of Part 3 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025;
(ii) an application for approval of a superfund transfer under Chapter 3 of that Part of that Act;
(jf) the matters that the Pensions Regulator expects to take into account in deciding—
(i) whether it is satisfied as described in section 55(1) of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 (condition for superfund to be authorised);
(ii) whether it is satisfied as described in section 58(1)(c) of that Act (“onboarding conditions” for superfund transfers);
(jg) the discharge of the duties imposed by Chapters 4 and 5 of Part 3 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 (ongoing requirements for operating superfunds);
(3) In subsection (6), in the definition of “the pensions legislation”, omit the “or” before paragraph (h) and after that paragraph insert—
(i) Part 2 or 3 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025.
13 In section 93 (Regulator’s procedure in relation to its regulatory functions), in subsection (2), after paragraph (pe) (but before the “and” that follows it) insert—
(pf) the power to issue a notice under section 78(1)(k) of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 (Regulator notice triggering event of concern for superfund);
(pg) the power to give a direction under section 82 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 (directions in relation to superfund during period of concern);
14 In section 97 (special procedure: applicable cases), in subsection (5), after paragraph (tk) insert—
(tl) the power under section 55 or 86 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 to withdraw authorisation from a superfund;
(tm) the power under section 70(8) or 72(8) of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 to suspend or revoke its approval for a person to be responsible for a key function in relation to a superfund or to be a trustee of a superfund scheme;
(tn) the power to issue a notice under section 78(1)(k) of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 (Regulator notice triggering event of concern for superfund);
(to) the power to give a direction under section 82 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 (directions in relation to superfund during period of concern);
15 In section 126 (pension protection: eligible schemes), after subsection (1A) insert—
(1B) In relation to a superfund scheme, section 53(2) of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 (sections treated as separate schemes) applies for the purposes of this Part as it applies for the purposes of Part 3 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025.
16 In section 127 (pension protection: duty to assume responsibility for schemes following insolvency event), after subsection (4) insert—
(4A) In relation to an eligible scheme that is a superfund scheme, if—
(a) an event of concern takes place in relation to the scheme by virtue of the protected liabilities threshold ceasing to be met, and
(b) no qualifying insolvency event occurred in relation to the employer before the event of concern took place,
this Chapter applies as though a qualifying insolvency event had occurred in relation to the employer immediately after the event of concern took place.
(4B) In subsection (4A), "the protected liabilities threshold" and "event of concern" have the same meaning as in Part 3 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025.
17 In section 222 (the statutory funding objective), after subsection (4) insert—
(4A) Regulations may, in relation to a superfund scheme—
(a) provide that it is for the Regulator to determine which methods and assumptions are to be used in calculating a scheme’s technical provisions, and
(b) require the Regulator, in making its determination, to take into account prescribed matters and follow prescribed principles.
18
(1) Section 224 (actuarial valuations and reports) is amended as follows.
(2) After subsection (7A) insert—
(7B) Where the scheme in question is a superfund scheme, the trustees must, as soon as reasonably practicable after receiving an actuarial report, send a copy of it to the Regulator together with such other information as may be prescribed.
(3) In subsection (8), for “or (7A)” substitute “, (7A) or (7B)”.
19 In section 256 (no indemnification for fines or civil penalties), in subsection (1)(b), at the end insert “, or section 17, 30 or 47 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025.”
20
(1) In section 318 (general interpretation), in subsection (1), at the appropriate places insert—
key function, in relation to a superfund, has the same meaning as in Part 3 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 (see section 92 of that Act)”;
operating superfund has the same meaning as in Part 3 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 (see section 92 of that Act)”;
operating superfund scheme has the same meaning as in Part 3 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 (see section 92 of that Act)”;
responsible body, in relation to a superfund, has the same meaning as in Part 3 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 (see section 92 of that Act)”;
superfund has the same meaning as in Part 3 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 (see section 92 of that Act)”;
superfund group has the same meaning as in Part 3 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 (see section 92 of that Act)”;
superfund scheme has the same meaning as in Part 3 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 (see section 92 of that Act)”;
superfund transfer has the same meaning as in Part 3 of the Pension Schemes Act 2025 (see section 92 of that Act);
.
21
(1) Schedule 2 (the reserved regulatory functions) is amended as follows.
(2) For the heading of Part 5 substitute “Functions under the Occupational and Personal Pension Schemes (Consultation by Employers and Miscellaneous Amendment) Regulations 2006 (S.I. 2006/349)”.
(3) Parts 4A and 4B are moved to after Part 5 and are renumbered as (respectively) Parts 6 and 7.
(4) Accordingly, paragraphs 44A to 44O are renumbered as (respectively) paragraphs 46 to 60.
(5) After Part 7 (as moved and renumbered by sub-paragraph (3) above) insert—

Part 8 — Functions under the Pension Schemes Act 2025

61 The power under section 55(1) to authorise a superfund.
62 The power under section 55(6) to withdraw authorisation from a superfund that has not yet received a superfund transfer.
63 The power under section 58 to approve a superfund transfer.
64 The power under section 70(1) to approve an individual to be responsible for a key function.
65 The power under section 70(8) to suspend or revoke an individual’s approval to be responsible for a key function.
66 The power under section 72(1) to approve a person to be a trustee of a superfund scheme.
67 The power under section 72(8) to suspend or revoke a person’s approval to be a trustee of a superfund scheme.
68 The power under section 86 to withdraw authorisation from an operating superfund.

Footnotes

  1. 1

    Section 97