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Drug Trafficking Act 1994

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Drug Trafficking Act 1994

1994 c. 37

An Act to consolidate the Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986 and certain provisions of the Criminal Justice (International Co-operation) Act 1990 relating to drug trafficking.

Enacted[3rd November 1994]
I1E1Be it enacted by the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:—

Part I  Confiscation orders

Introductory

F221  Meaning of “drug trafficking” and “drug trafficking offence”.

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Confiscation orders

F222  Confiscation orders.

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F223  Postponed determinations.

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F224  Assessing the proceeds of drug trafficking.

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F225  Amount to be recovered under confiscation order.

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F226  Meaning of “amount that might be realised” and “realisable property”.

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F227  Value of property etc.

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F228  Gifts caught by this Act.

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F229  Application of procedure for enforcing fines.

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F2210  Interest on sums unpaid under confiscation orders.

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Statements etc in connection with confiscation orders

F22E211  Statements relating to drug trafficking.

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F2212  Provision of information by defendant.

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Further proceedings in connection with confiscation orders

F2213  Reconsideration of case where court has not proceeded under section 2.

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F2214  Re-assessment of whether defendant has benefited from drug trafficking.

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F2215  Revised assessment of proceeds of drug trafficking.

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F2216  Increase in realisable property.

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F2217  Inadequacy of realisable property.

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F2218  Compensation.

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Confiscation orders where defendant has absconded or died

F2219  Powers of High Court where defendant has absconded or died.

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F2220  Effect of conviction where High Court has acted under section 19.

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F2221  Variation of confiscation orders made by virtue of section 19.

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F2222  Compensation etc where absconder is acquitted.

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F2223  Power to discharge confiscation order and order compensation where absconder returns.

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F2224  Provisions supplementary to sections 21, 22 and 23.

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Restraint orders and charging orders

F2225  Cases in which restraint orders and charging orders may be made.

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F2226  Restraint orders.

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F2227  Charging orders in respect of land, securities etc.

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F2228  Charging orders: supplementary provisions.

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Realisation of property

F2229  Realisation of property.

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F2230  Application of proceeds of realisation and other sums.

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Exercise of powers for the realisation of property

F2231  Exercise by High Court, county court or receiver of powers for the realisation of property.

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Insolvency of defendants etc

F2232  Bankruptcy of defendant etc.

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F2233  Sequestration in Scotland of defendant etc.

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F2234  Winding up of company holding realisable property.

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Protection for insolvency officers etc

F2235  Insolvency officers dealing with property subject to restraint order.

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F2236  Receivers: supplementary provisions.

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Enforcement of orders made outside England and Wales

F2237  Recognition and enforcement of orders and functions under Part I of the Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1987.

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F2238  Enforcement of Northern Ireland orders.

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39  Enforcement of external confiscation orders.

1 Her Majesty may by Order in Council—
a direct in relation to a country or territory outside the United Kingdom designated by the Order (a “designated country”) that, subject to such modifications as may be specified, the relevant provisions of this Act shall apply to external confiscation orders and to proceedings which have been or are to be instituted in the designated country and may result in an external confiscation order being made there;
b make—
i such provision in connection with the taking of action in the designated country with a view to satisfying a confiscation order,
ii such provision as to evidence or proof of any matter for the purposes of this section and section 40 of this Act, and
iii such incidental, consequential and transitional provision,
as appears to Her Majesty to be expedient; and
c (without prejudice to the generality of this subsection) direct that, in such circumstances as may be specified, proceeds which arise out of action taken in the designated country with a view to satisfying a confiscation order shall be treated as reducing the amount payable under the order to such extent as may be specified.
2 In this section “external confiscation order” means an order made by a court in a designated country for the purpose of recovering, or recovering the value of, payments or other rewards received in connection with drug trafficking.
3 An Order in Council under this section may make different provision for different cases or classes of case.
4 The power to make an Order in Council under this section includes power to modify the relevant provisions of this Act in such a way as to confer power on a person to exercise a discretion.
5 An Order in Council under this section shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.
6 For the purposes of this section, “the relevant provisions of this Act” are this Part, except sections 10 and 16, and Part IV.

40  Registration of external confiscation orders.

1 On an application made by or on behalf of the Government of a designated country, the High Court may register an external confiscation order made there if—
a it is satisfied that at the time of registration the order is in force and not subject to appeal;
b it is satisfied, where the person against whom the order is made did not appear in the proceedings, that he received notice of the proceedings in sufficient time to enable him to defend them; and
c it is of the opinion that enforcing the order in England and Wales would not be contrary to the interests of justice.
2 In subsection (1) above “appeal” includes—
a any proceedings by way of discharging or setting aside a judgment; and
b an application for a new trial or a stay of execution.
3 The High Court shall cancel the registration of an external confiscation order if it appears to the court that the order has been satisfied by payment of the amount due under it.
4 In this section “designated country” and “external confiscation order” have the same meaning as in section 39 of this Act.

Interpretation

F2241  Interpretation of Part I.

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Part II  Drug trafficking money imported or exported in cash

42  Seizure and detention.

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43  Forfeiture.

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44  Appeal against forfeiture order made by a magistrates’ court.

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45  Appeal against forfeiture order made by sheriff.

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46  Rules of court.

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47  Receipts.

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48  Interpretation of Part II.

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Part III  Offences in connection with proceeds of drug trafficking

F2249  Concealing or transferring proceeds of drug trafficking.

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F2250  Assisting another person to retain the benefit of drug trafficking.

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F2251  Acquisition, possession or use of proceeds of drug trafficking.

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F2252  Failure to disclose knowledge or suspicion of money laundering.

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F2253  Tipping-off.

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F2254  Penalties.

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C15 Part IV  Miscellaneous and supplemental

Investigations into drug trafficking

C155  Order to make material available.

1 A constable may, for the purpose of an investigation into drug trafficking, apply to a Circuit judge for an order under subsection (2) below in relation to particular material or material of a particular description.
2 If on such an application the judge is satisfied that the conditions in subsection (4) below are fulfilled, he may make an order that the person who appears to him to be in possession of the material to which the application relates shall—
a produce it to a constable for him to take away, or
b give a constable access to it,
within such period as the order may specify.
This subsection has effect subject to section 59(11) of this Act.
3 The period to be specified in an order under subsection (2) above shall be seven days unless it appears to the judge that a longer or shorter period would be appropriate in the particular circumstances of the application.
4 The conditions referred to in subsection (2) above are—
a that there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that a specified person has carried on F9... drug trafficking;
b that there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that the material to which the application relates—
i is likely to be of substantial value (whether by itself or together with other material) to the investigation for the purpose of which the application is made; and
ii does not consist of or include items subject to legal privilege or excluded material; and
c that there are reasonable grounds for believing that it is in the public interest, having regard—
i to the benefit likely to accrue to the investigation if the material is obtained, and
ii to the circumstances under which the person in possession of the material holds it,
that the material should be produced or that access to it should be given.
5 Where the judge makes an order under subsection (2)(b) above in relation to material on any premises he may, on the application of a constable, order any person who appears to him to be entitled to grant entry to the premises to allow a constable to enter the premises to obtain access to the material.
6 An application under subsection (1) or (5) above may be made ex parte to a judge in chambers.
7 Provision may be made by Criminal Procedure Rules as to—
a the discharge and variation of orders under this section; and
b proceedings relating to such orders.
8 An order of a Circuit judge under this section shall have effect as if it were an order of the Crown Court.
9 Where the material to which an application under subsection (1) above relates consists of information contained in a computer—
a an order under subsection (2)(a) above shall have effect as an order to produce the material in a form in which it can be taken away and in which it is visible and legible; and
b an order under subsection (2)(b) above shall have effect as an order to give access to the material in a form in which it is visible and legible.
10 An order under subsection (2) above—
a shall not confer any right to production of, or access to, items subject to legal privilege or excluded material;
b shall have effect notwithstanding any obligation as to secrecy or other restriction upon the disclosure of information imposed by statute or otherwise; and
c may be made in relation to material in the possession of an authorised government department;
and in this subsection “authorised government department” means a government department which is an authorised department for the purposes of the Crown M1 Proceedings Act 1947.

C256  Authority for search.

1 A constable may, for the purpose of an investigation into drug trafficking, apply to a Circuit judge for a warrant under this section in relation to specified premises.
2 On such application the judge may issue a warrant authorising a constable to enter and search the premises if the judge is satisfied—
a that an order made under section 55 of this Act in relation to material on the premises has not been complied with;
b that the conditions in subsection (3) below are fulfilled; or
c that the conditions in subsection (4) below are fulfilled.
3 The conditions referred to in subsection (2)(b) above are—
a that there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that a specified person has carried on F10... drug trafficking;
b that the conditions in subsection (4)(b) and (c) of section 55 of this Act are fulfilled in relation to any material on the premises; and
c that it would not be appropriate to make an order under that section in relation to the material because—
i it is not practicable to communicate with any person entitled to produce the material;
ii it is not practicable to communicate with any person entitled to grant access to the material or entitled to grant entry to the premises on which the material is situated; or
iii the investigation for the purpose of which the application is made might be seriously prejudiced unless a constable could secure immediate access to the material.
4 The conditions referred to in subsection (2)(c) above are—
a that there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that a specified person has carried on F11... drug trafficking;
b that there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that there is on the premises material relating to the specified person or to drug trafficking which is likely to be of substantial value (whether by itself or together with other material) to the investigation for the purpose of which the application is made, but that the material cannot at the time of the application be particularised; and
c that—
i it is not practicable to communicate with any person entitled to grant entry to the premises;
ii entry to the premises will not be granted unless a warrant is produced; or
iii the investigation for the purpose of which the application is made might be seriously prejudiced unless a constable arriving at the premises could secure immediate entry to them.
C3C16C175 Where a constable has entered premises in the execution of a warrant issued under this section, he may seize and retain any material, other than items subject to legal privilege and excluded material, which is likely to be of substantial value (whether by itself or together with other material) to the investigation for the purpose of which the warrant was issued.

C457  Provisions supplementary to sections 55 and 56.

1 For the purposes of sections 21 and 22 of the Police M2and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (access to, and copying and retention of, seized material)—
a an investigation into drug trafficking shall be treated as if it were an investigation of or in connection with an offence; and
b material produced in pursuance of an order under section 55(2)(a) of this Act shall be treated as if it were material seized by a constable.
2 In sections 55 and 56 of this Act “excluded material”, “items subject to legal privilege” and “premises” have the same meaning as in the 1984 Act.

C558  Offence of prejudicing investigation.

1 Where, in relation to an investigation into drug trafficking—
a an order under section 55 of this Act has been made or has been applied for and has not been refused, or
b a warrant under section 56 of this Act has been issued,
a person is guilty of an offence if, knowing or suspecting that the investigation is taking place, he makes any disclosure which is likely to prejudice the investigation.
2 In proceedings against a person for an offence under this section, it is a defence to prove—
a that he did not know or suspect that the disclosure was likely to prejudice the investigation; or
b that he had lawful authority or reasonable excuse for making the disclosure.
3 Nothing in subsection (1) above makes it an offence for a professional legal adviser to disclose any information or other matter—
a to, or to a representative of, a client of his in connection with the giving by the adviser of legal advice to the client; or
b to any person—
i in contemplation of, or in connection with, legal proceedings; and
ii for the purpose of those proceedings.
4 Subsection (3) above does not apply in relation to any information or other matter which is disclosed with a view to furthering any criminal purpose.
5 A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable—
a on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to both; and
b on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years or to a fine or to both.

C6E359  Disclosure of information held by government departments.

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11 F13... in the case of material in the possession of an authorised government department, an order under section 55(2) of this Act may require any officer of the department (whether named in the order or not) who may for the time being be in possession of the material concerned to comply with it, and such an order shall be served as if the proceedings were civil proceedings against the department.
12 The person on whom such an order is served—
a shall take all reasonable steps to bring it to the attention of the officer concerned; and
b if the order is not brought to that officer’s attention within the period specified in an order under section 55(2), shall report the reasons for the failure to the court;
and it shall also be the duty of any other officer of the department in receipt of the order to take such steps as are mentioned in paragraph (a) above.
13 In this section “authorised government department” means a government department which is an authorised department for the purposes of the Crown M3 Proceedings Act 1947.

59A  Construction of sections 55 to 59

1 This section has effect for the purposes of sections 55 to 59.
2 A reference to a constable includes a reference to a customs officer.
3 A customs officer is a person commissioned by the Commissioners of Customs and Excise under section 6(3) of the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979 (c. 2).
4 Drug trafficking means doing or being concerned in any of the following (whether in England and Wales or elsewhere)—
a producing or supplying a controlled drug where the production or supply contravenes section 4(1) of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 or a corresponding law;
b transporting or storing a controlled drug where possession of the drug contravenes section 5(1) of that Act or a corresponding law;
c importing or exporting a controlled drug where the importation or exportation is prohibited by section 3(1) of that Act or a corresponding law;
d manufacturing or supplying a scheduled substance within the meaning of section 12 of the Criminal Justice (International Co-operation) Act 1990 where the manufacture or supply is an offence under that section or would be such an offence if it took place in England and Wales;
e using any ship for illicit traffic in controlled drugs in circumstances which amount to the commission of an offence under section 19 of that Act.
5 In this section “corresponding law” has the same meaning as in the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971.

Prosecution of offences etc

C760  Revenue and Customs prosecutions

1 Proceedings for a specified offence may be instituted by the Director of Public Prosecutions or by order of the Commissioners for Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (“the Commissioners”).
2 Any proceedings for a specified offence which are instituted by order of the Commissioners shall be commenced in the name of an officer of Revenue and Customs.
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4 Where the Commissioners investigate, or propose to investigate, any matter with a view to determining—
a whether there are grounds for believing that a specified offence has been committed, or
b whether a person should be prosecuted for a specified offence,
that matter shall be treated as an assigned matter within the meaning of the Customs M4 and Excise Management Act 1979.
5 Nothing in this section shall be taken—
a to prevent any person (including any officer) who has power to arrest, detain or prosecute any person for a specified offence from doing so; or
b to prevent a court from proceeding to deal with a person brought before it following his arrest by an officer for a specified offence, even though the proceedings have not been instituted in accordance with this section.
C186 In this section—
  • F44...
  • “specified offence” means—
    1. an offence under F19... section 58 of this Act;
    2. attempting to commit, conspiracy to commit or incitement to commit any such offence; F19...
    3. F19...
F20...
6A Proceedings for an offence are instituted—
a when a justice of the peace issues a summons or warrant under section 1 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (issue of summons to, or warrant for arrest of, accused) in respect of the offence;
b when a person is charged with the offence after being taken into custody without a warrant;
c when a bill of indictment is preferred under section 2 of the Administration of Justice (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1933 in a case falling within paragraph (b) of subsection (2) of that section (preferment by direction of the criminal division of the Court of Appeal or by direction, or with the consent, of a High Court judge).
6B Where the application of subsection (6A) would result in there being more than one time for the institution of proceedings they must be taken to have been instituted at the earliest of those times.
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C861  Extension of certain offences to Crown servants and exemptions for regulators etc.

1 The Secretary of State may by regulations provide that, in such circumstances as may be prescribed, section 58 of this Act shall apply to such persons in the public service of the Crown, or such categories of person in that service, as may be prescribed.
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5 In this section—
  • “the Crown” includes the Crown in right of Her Majesty’s Government in Northern Ireland; and
  • “prescribed” means prescribed by regulations made by the Secretary of State.
6 Any power to make regulations under this section shall be exercisable by statutory instrument.
7 Any such instrument shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

Interpretation of Act

F2362  Meaning of “property” and related expressions.

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C963  General interpretation.

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3 Subject to section 66(2) and (6) of this Act—
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b any reference in this Act to “drug trafficking” includes a reference to drug trafficking carried out before the commencement of this Act.

F2664  Index of defined expressions.

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Supplemental

C10E465  Consequential amendments and modifications of other Acts.

1 The enactments mentioned in Schedule 1 to this Act shall have effect subject to the amendments there specified (being amendments consequential upon the provisions of this Act).
2 In section 1(2)(a) of the Rehabilitation M5 of Offenders Act 1974 (failure to pay fines etc. not to prevent person becoming rehabilitated) the reference to a fine or other sum adjudged to be paid by or imposed on a conviction does not include a reference to an amount payable under a confiscation order.
3 Section 281(4) of the Insolvency M6 Act 1986 (discharge of bankrupt not to release him from liabilities in respect of fines, etc.) shall have effect as if the reference to a fine included a reference to a confiscation order.
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C1166  Transitional provisions and savings.

1 The transitional provisions and savings set out in Schedule 2 to this Act shall have effect.
2 Part I and section 59 of this Act shall not apply—
a in relation to any proceedings for, or in respect of, an offence if the person accused (or, as the case may be, convicted) of that offence was charged with the offence (whether by the laying of an information or otherwise) before the date on which this Act comes into force, or
b in relation to any proceedings not within paragraph (a) above instituted before that date,
and references in this subsection to proceedings include a reference to any order made by a court in the proceedings.
3 Accordingly (and without prejudice to section 16 of the Interpretation M7 Act 1978), the relevant enactments and any instrument made under any of those enactments shall continue to apply in relation to any proceedings within subsection (2)(a) or (b) above (and, in particular, in relation to any confiscation order, within the meaning of the Drug M8 Trafficking Offences Act 1986, made in any such proceedings) as if this Act had not been passed.
4 In subsection (3) above “the relevant enactments” are—
a the enactments reproduced in Part I and section 59 of this Act,
b any other enactment reproduced by this Act, so far as applicable in relation to any of the enactments reproduced in that Part or that section, and
c any enactment amended by this Act,
but do not include any enactment which, immediately before the date on which this Act comes into force, had not come into force.
5 Subsection (2) above is without prejudice to section 4(7), 7(4), 26(3) or 29(7) of this Act.
6 Nothing in section 19(3) or (4) of this Act shall apply to any proceedings—
a for an offence committed before the commencement of this Act; or
b for one or more offences, any one of which was so committed.

C12E567  Repeals etc.

1 The enactments mentioned in Schedule 3 to this Act are repealed to the extent specified in the third column of that Schedule.
2 Paragraph 9 of Schedule 2 to the Criminal M9 Justice (Confiscation) (Northern Ireland) Order 1990 (which amends section 29(1) of the Criminal M10 Justice (International Co-operation) Act 1990) is hereby revoked.

C1368  Extent.

1 Subject to the following provisions of this section, this Act extends to England and Wales only.
2 The following provisions of this Act also extend to Scotland—
F30a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F30b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F30c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
d section 59(11) to (13);
e this section;
f section 69;
g sections F29..., 63, F29..., 65(1), 66 and 67(1), so far as they relate to provisions which extend to Scotland; and
h Schedule 2.
3 The following provisions of this Act also extend to Northern Ireland—
F27a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b this section;
c section 69;
d sections 63, F28..., 65(1), 66 and 67(1), so far as they relate to provisions which extend to Northern Ireland; and
e Schedule 2.
4 Section 67(2) of this Act extends to Northern Ireland only.
5 The modifications of other enactments specified in section 65(2) to (4) of this Act, and the amendments specified in Schedule 1 to this Act, have the same extent as the enactments to which they relate.
6 Subject to subsection (7) below, the repeals contained in Schedule 3 to this Act have the same extent as the provisions to which they relate.
7 The repeals of—
a sections 14 and 23A of the Criminal M11 Justice (International Co-operation) Act 1990, and
b paragraph 5 of Schedule 4 to the Criminal M12 Justice Act 1993,
extend to England and Wales only.

C1469  Short title and commencement.

1 This Act may be cited as the Drug Trafficking Act 1994..
2 This Act comes into force at the end of the period of three months beginning with the day on which it is passed.

SCHEDULES

E6SCHEDULE 1 

Section 65.

Consequential amendments

Land Registration Act 1925 (c. 21)

F361. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Criminal Appeal Act 1968 (c. 19)

2In section 50 of the Criminal Appeal Act 1968 (meaning of “sentence”), in subsection (1), as amended by paragraph 1 of Schedule 5 to the Criminal M13 Justice Act 1993—
a in paragraph (d), for the words “Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986” there shall be substituted the words “ Drug Trafficking Act 1994 ”; and
b in paragraph (g), for the words “section 4A of the Act of 1986” there shall be substituted the words “ section 19 of the Act of 1994 ”.

Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (c. 38)

F313. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4In section 23 of that Act (power to search and obtain evidence), in subsection (3A)—
F32a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b after the words “that Act” there shall be inserted the words “ of 1990 ”.
5In section 27 of that Act (forfeiture of things relating to certain offences), in subsection (1), for the words “section 38(1) of the Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986” there shall be substituted the words “ section 1(3) of the Drug Trafficking Act 1994 ”.

Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 (c. 27)

6In section 18 of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982 (enforcement of United Kingdom judgments in other parts of the United Kingdom) the following shall be substituted for subsection (4A)—

Criminal Justice Act 1982 (c. 48)

7In Part II of Schedule 1 to the Criminal Justice Act 1982 (persons convicted of offences under certain enactments not eligible for early release), at the end there shall be added—

Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (c. 60)

F338. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
F469. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bankruptcy (Scotland) Act 1985 (c. 66)

F4910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986 (c. 32)

11In section 40 of the Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986 (extent), for subsection (4) there shall be substituted—

Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1987 (c. 41)

12In section 3 of the Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1987 (assessment of the proceeds of drug trafficking), for paragraph (a) of subsection (4) there shall be substituted—
.
13In section 7 of that Act (application of provisions relating to fines to enforcement of confiscation orders), in subsection (2), in the entry relating to section 403 of the Criminal M14 Procedure (Scotland) Act 1975, for the words “Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986” there shall be substituted the words “ Drug Trafficking Act 1994 ”.
14In section 10 of that Act (seizure of property subject to restraint order), in subsection (1), for the words “Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986” there shall be substituted the words “ Drug Trafficking Act 1994 ”.
15In section 11 of that Act (inhibition and arrestment of property affected by restraint order or interdict under section 12 of that Act), in subsection (6) (which applies section 11 of that Act, with modifications, to certain orders under section 8 of the Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986)—
a for the words “section 8 of the Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986” there shall be substituted the words “ section 26 of the Drug Trafficking Act 1994 ”;
b in paragraph (a)—
i for the words “subsection (2) of section 7” there shall be substituted the words “ subsection (3) of section 25 ”; and
ii for the words “subsection (3)(b)” there shall be substituted the words “ subsection (4)(b) ”;
c in paragraph (b)—
i for the words “section 5” there shall be substituted the words “ section 6 ”; and
ii for the words “subsection (2) of the said section 7” there shall be substituted the words “ subsection (3) of the said section 25 ”;
d in the subsection (3A) set out in paragraph (g), for the words “section 13 of the Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986” there shall be substituted the words “ section 31 of the Drug Trafficking Act 1994 ”; and
e in sub-paragraph (ii) of paragraph (h), for the words “ “section 8, 11 or 12 of the said Act of 1986”” there shall be substituted the words “ “section 26, 29 or 30 of the said Act of 1994” ”.
16In section 23 of that Act (exercise of powers by Court of Session or administrator), in subsection (7)—
a for the words “section 13 of the Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986” there shall be substituted the words “ section 31 of the Drug Trafficking Act 1994 ”; and
b for the words “section 13”, in the second place where they occur, there shall be substituted the words “ section 31 ”.
17In section 26 of that Act (compensation), in subsection (2)(b), for the words “section 24A of the Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986”, there shall be substituted the words “ section 37 of the Drug Trafficking Act 1994 ”.
18
1 Section 27 of that Act (recognition and enforcement of orders under the Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986) shall be amended as set out in this paragraph.
2 In subsection (2), for the words “section 8, 11 or 12 of the Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986” there shall be substituted the words “ section 26, 29 or 30 of the Drug Trafficking Act 1994 ”.
3 In subsection (4), for the words “section 11(3)(a) of the said Act of 1986” there shall be substituted the words “ section 29(3)(a) of the said Act of 1994 ”.
4 In subsection (5)—
a in paragraph (a), for the words “section 8, 11, 12 or 30 of the said Act of 1986” there shall be substituted the words “ section 26, 29, 30 or 59 of the said Act of 1994 ”; and
b in paragraph (c), for the words “section 8, 11 or 12” there shall be substituted the words “ section 26, 29 or 30 ”.
5 In subsection (6)—
a for the words “section 8 of the said Act of 1986” there shall be substituted the words “ section 26 of the said Act of 1994 ”; and
b for the words “section 7(4)” there shall be substituted the words “ section 25(5) ”.
6 In subsection (8), for the words “section 11(6) of the said Act of 1986” there shall be substituted the words “ section 29(6) of the said Act of 1994 ”.
19
1 Section 28 of that Act (provisions supplementary to section 27 of that Act) shall be amended as set out in this paragraph.
2 In subsection (4), for the words “Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986” there shall be substituted the words “ Drug Trafficking Act 1994 ”.
3 In subsection (5)(b), for the words “section 8, 11 or 12 of the said Act of 1986” there shall be substituted the words “ section 26, 29 or 30 of the said Act of 1994 ”.
4 In subsection (6) for the words “Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986” there shall be substituted the words “ Drug Trafficking Act 1994 ”.
20In section 35 of that Act (winding up of company holding realisable property), in subsection (4), for the words “section 1 of the Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986” there shall be substituted the words “ section 2 of the Drug Trafficking Act 1994 ”.

Criminal Justice Act 1988 (c. 33)

F3421. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22In section 151 of that Act (Customs and Excise power of arrest), in subsection (5), for the words “section 38(1) of the Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986 other than an offence under section 24” there shall be substituted the words “ section 1(3) of the Drug Trafficking Act 1994 other than an offence under section 50 ”.

Extradition Act 1989 (c. 33)

23In section 22(4) of the Extradition Act 1989 (offences in relation to which provision applying that Act may be made under that section), in sub-paragraph (i) of paragraph (h), for the words “Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986; and” there shall be substituted the words “ Drug Trafficking Act 1994; ”.
24In Schedule 1 to that Act (provisions deriving from the Extradition Act 1870 etc), in paragraph 15 (certain acts deemed to be offences committed within the jurisdiction of foreign state), in sub-paragraph (j), for the words “Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986;” there shall be substituted the words “ Drug Trafficking Act 1994; ”.

Criminal Justice (International Co-operation) Act 1990 (c. 5)

25In F45... the Criminal Justice (International Co-operation) Act 1990 F45....
F3526. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
1 Section 15 of that Act (interest on sums unpaid under confiscation orders) shall be amended as set out in sub-paragraphs (2) to (4) below.
2 In subsection (1), the words “under section 31(1) of the Powers of Criminal Courts Act 1973 or” shall be omitted.
3 The following shall be substituted for subsection (2)—
4 In subsection (3), the words from “shall be that” to “Scotland” shall be omitted.
28In section 24 of that Act (interpretation of Part II), in subsection (2), for the words “Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986” there shall be substituted the words “ Drug Trafficking Act 1994 ”.
29In section 32(4) of that Act (which provides that Her Majesty may by Order in Council direct that that Act shall extend to the Channel Islands, the Isle of Man or any colony), after the words “this Act” there shall be inserted the words “ and those provisions of the Drug Trafficking Act 1994 which re-enact provisions of this Act ”.

Criminal Justice Act 1993 (c. 36)

30
1 Section 79 of the Criminal Justice Act 1993 shall be amended as set out in this paragraph.
2 In subsection (2) (provisions extending to the United Kingdom), the references to section 25 and to paragraph 5 of Schedule 4 shall be omitted.
3 In subsection (3) (provisions extending to Great Britain only), the words “13(9) to (11),” and “24(2), (3) and (7) to (10),” shall be omitted.
4 In subsection (5) (provisions extending to Scotland and Northern Ireland only) after the word “34(2)” there shall be inserted the words “ and paragraph 5 of Schedule 4 ”.

SCHEDULE 2 

Transitional provisions etc

Section 66.

General transitional provisions and savings

1Anything done or having effect as if done (including the making of subordinate legislation) under or for the purposes of any provision repealed or revoked by this Act has effect as if done under or for the purposes of any corresponding provision of this Act.
2Any reference (express or implied) in this Act or any other enactment, or in any instrument or document, to a provision of this Act is (so far as the context permits) to be read as being or (according to the context) including in relation to times, circumstances and purposes before the commencement of this Act a reference to the corresponding provision repealed or revoked by this Act.
3Any reference (express or implied) in any enactment, or in any instrument or document, to a provision repealed or revoked by this Act is (so far as the context permits) to be read as being or (according to the context) including in relation to times, circumstances and purposes after the commencement of this Act a reference to the corresponding provision of this Act.
4Paragraphs 1 to 3 above—
a have effect in place of section 17(2) of the Interpretation M15 Act 1978 (but are without prejudice to any other provision of that Act); and
b are subject to section 66(2) to (6) of this Act.

Provision in relation to section 32 of this Act

5In any case in which a petition in bankruptcy was presented, or a receiving order or adjudication in bankruptcy was made, before 29 December 1986 (the date on which the Insolvency M16 Act 1986 came into force), section 32 of this Act has effect with the following modifications—
a for references to the bankrupt’s estate for the purposes of Part IX of that Act there are substituted references to the property of the bankrupt for the purposes of the Bankruptcy M17 Act 1914;
b for references to the Act of 1986 and sections 280(2)(c), 286, 339 and 423 of that Act there are respectively substituted references to the Act of 1914 and to sections 26(2), 8, 27 and 42 of that Act;
c the references in subsection (4) to an interim receiver appointed as there mentioned include, where a receiving order has been made, a reference to the receiver constituted by virtue of section 7 of the Act of 1914; and
d subsection (2)(b) is omitted.

Provision in relation to section 34 of this Act

6In any case in which a winding up of a company commenced, or is treated as having commenced, before 29 December 1986 (the date on which the Insolvency Act 1986 came into force), section 34 of this Act has effect with the substitution for references to the Insolvency Act 1986 of references to the Companies M18 Act 1985.

Provision in relation to Part II of this Act

7Nothing in sections 43(4), 44 or 45 of this Act shall apply to an order made before the coming into force of this Act under section 26 of the Criminal M19 Justice (International Co-operation) Act 1990.

Provision in relation to section 21(3) of the Criminal Justice Act 1993

8The repeal by this Act of subsection (2) of section 21 of the Criminal M20 Justice Act 1993 (which substitutes a new subsection for section 24A(6) of the Drug M21 Trafficking Offences Act 1986) shall not affect the operation of paragraphs (c) to (h) of subsection (3) of that section (which provides for the same subsection as is set out in subsection (2) to be substituted for certain other enactments).

Provision in relation to section 26(1) of the Criminal Justice Act 1993

9The repeal by this Act of subsection (1) of section 26 of the Criminal Justice Act 1993 (which inserts subsections (2A) and (2B) into section 31 of the Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986) shall not affect the operation of subsection (2) of that section (which provides for the same subsections to be inserted into section 42 of the Criminal M22 Justice (Scotland) Act 1987).

Provision in relation to Schedule 4 to the Criminal Justice Act 1993

10The repeal by this Act of paragraph 1 of Schedule 4 to the Criminal Justice Act 1993 (which inserts a section 36B into the Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986) shall not affect the operation of the remaining provisions of that Schedule (which provide for a modified version of that section to be inserted into certain other Acts).

Further transitional provision

11The Secretary of State may by order made by statutory instrument, in connection with the coming into force of any provision of this Act in so far as it reproduces the effect of any provision of the Criminal Justice Act 1993, make such further transitional provision or savings as he considers appropriate.

SCHEDULE 3 

Repeals

Section 67.

ChapterShort titleExtent of repeal
1925 c. 21.The Land Registration Act 1925.In section 49(1)(g), the words “the Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986 or”.
1984 c. 60.The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984.Section 116(2)(aa).
1985 c. 66.The Bankruptcy (Scotland) Act 1985.In section 7(1), in the definition of “charging order”, the words “by section 9(2) of the Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986 or”.
1986 c. 32.The Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986.The whole Act, except sections 24(6), 32, 34, and 40(1) and (3) to (5).
1987 c. 41.The Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1987.Section 31.
Section 45(3) and (7).
1988 c. 33.The Criminal Justice Act 1988.Section 103(1).
In Schedule 5, Part I.
1988 c. 50.The Housing Act 1988.In Schedule 17, paragraphs 71 and 72.
1990 c. 5.The Criminal Justice (International Co-operation) Act 1990.Section 14.
In section 15, in subsection (1), the words “under section 31(1) of the Powers of Criminal Courts Act 1973 or”, and in subsection (3) the words from “shall be that” to “Scotland”.
Section 16.
Section 23A.
Sections 25 to 29.
Section 30(2) and (3).
Section 31(2).
In Schedule 4, paragraph 4.
1993 c. 36.The Criminal Justice Act 1993.Sections 7 to 16.
Section 18.
Section 20(1).
Section 21(2) and (3)(a) and (b).
Section 22(1).
Section 24(1) to (11).
Section 25.
Section 26(1).
Section 78(7).
In section 79, in subsection (2), the references to section 25 and to paragraph 5 of Schedule 4; and in subsection (3), the words “13(9) to (11),” and “24(2), (3) and (7) to (10),”.
In Schedule 4, paragraphs 1 and 5.
In Schedule 5, paragraphs 5 and 6.
1994 c. 33.The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994.In Schedule 9, paragraph 28.

TABLE OF DERIVATIONS

Notes:

1This Table shows the derivation of the provisions of the Act.
2The following abbreviations are used in the table:—
1986= Drug Trafficking Offences Act 1986 (c. 32)
1987= Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1987 (c. 41)
1988= Criminal Justice Act 1988 (c. 33)
1990= Criminal Justice (International Co-operation) Act 1990 (c. 5)
1993= Criminal Justice Act 1993 (c. 36)
ProvisionDerivation
1(1), (2)1986 s.38(1) “drug trafficking”; 1990 Sch.4 para.4(3); 1993 s.24(8).
(3)1986 s.38(1) “drug trafficking offence”; 1990 Sch.4 para.4(4); 1993 s.24(9).
(4)1986 s.38(1) “corresponding law”.
(5)Drafting.
2(1)1986 s.1(1); 1993 s.7(1).
(2) to (6)1986 s.1(2) to (6).
(7)1986 s.1(7); 1988 Sch.8 para.2.
(8)1986 s.1(7A); 1993 s.7(2).
(9)1986 s.38(1) “confiscation order”; 1993 Sch.5 para.6 (part).
3(1) to (9)1986 s.1A (1) to (9); 1993 s.8 (part).
(10)1986 s.1A(9A); Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 (c. 33) Sch. 9 para. 28.
(11)1986 s.1A(10), (11); 1993 s.8 (part).
4(1)1986 s.2(1); 1990 s.29(1) (part).
(2)1986 s.2(2); 1993 s.9(2).
(3)1986 s.2(3); 1993 s.9(4).
(4)1986 s.2(2A), (2B); 1993 s.9(3).
(5)1986 s.2(4); 1990 Sch.4 para.4(2); 1993 s.16(2).
(6)1986 s.2(5) (part).
(7)1986 s.2(5) (part); 1987 s.45(7)(a); drafting.
(8)Drafting.
5(1), (2)1986 s.4(1), (2).
(3)1986 s.4(3); 1993 s.7(3).
6(1)1986 s.5(3).
(2)1986 s.5(1).
(3)1986 s.5(2); Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Act 1989 (c. 4) Sch.8 para.7.
(4)1986 s.5(7).
7(1) to (3)1986 s.5(4) to (6).
(4)Drafting.
81986 s.5(9), (10).
9(1), (2)1986 s.6(1), (2).
(3)1986 s.6(3); 1988 Sch.8 para.2.
(4)1986 s.6(4).
(5)1986 s.6(7); 1993 s.13(1).
(6)1986 s.6(6) (part).
101990 s.15 (part).
11(1)1986 s.3(1) (part); 1993 s.10(2) (part).
(2) to (7)1986 s.3(1A) to (2); 1993 s.10(2) (part).
(8)1986 s.3(3); 1993 s.10(3), Sch.5 para.5.
(9)1986 s.3(4).
(10)1986 s.3(5); 1993 s.10(4).
(11)1986 s.3(6).
12(1)1986 s.3A(1) (part); 1993 s.10(5) (part).
(2) to (7)1986 s.3A(2) to (7); 1993 s.10(5) (part).
13(1) to (10)1986 s.5A(1) to (10); 1993 s.12 (part).
(11)1986 ss.3(1) (part), 3A(1) (part); 1993 s.10(2) (part), (5) (part).
(12)1986 s.5A(11); 1993 s.12 (part).
14(1) to (6)1986 s.5B(1) to (6); 1993 s.12 (part).
(7)1986 s.5B(8); 1993 s.12 (part); drafting.
(8)1986 ss.3(1) (part), 3A(1) (part); 1993 s.10(2) (part), (5) (part).
15(1), (2)1986 s.5C(1), (2); 1993 s.12 (part).
(3)1986 ss.3(1) (part), 3A(1) (part); 1993 s.10(2) (part), (5) (part).
(4)1986 s.5C(4); 1993 s.12 (part).
(5)1986 s.5C(3); 1993 s.12 (part).
(6) to (14)1986 s.5C(5) to (13); 1993 s.12 (part).
(15)1986 s.5C(15); 1993 s.12 (part); drafting.
161990 s.16.
17(1)1986 s.14(1); 1993 s.11(2).
(2)1986 s.14(2).
(3)1986 s.14(3); 1993 s.11(3).
(4)1986 s.14(4).
(5)1986 s.14(5); 1993 s.11(4).
18(1)1986 s.19(1); 1988 Sch.5 para.12(b).
(2)1986 s.19(2); 1987 s.45(7)(d); 1993 s.24(2) (part).
(3)1986 s.19(2A); 1988 Sch.5 para.12(d).
(4), (5)1986 s.19(3), (4).
19(1) to (5)1986 s.4A (1) to (5); 1993 s.14(1) (part).
(6)1986 ss.3(1) (part), 4A(6); 1993 ss.10(2) (part), 14(1) (part).
(7)1986 s.6(6) (part); 1993 s.14(2); drafting.
(8)1986 s.6(8); 1993 s.14(3).
(9)1986 s.5B(7); 1993 s.12 (part).
(10)1986 s.5C(14); 1993 s.12 (part).
201986 s.4B; 1993 s.14(1) (part).
211986 s.19C(1) to (5), (9); 1993 s.15 (part).
221986 s.19A(1) to (3); 1993 s.15 (part).
231986 s.19B(1) to (3); 1993 s.15 (part).
24(1)1986 ss.19A(4), 19B(4), 19C(6); 1993 s.15 (part).
(2)1986 ss.19A(5), 19B(5), 19C(7); 1993 s.15 (part).
(3)1986 ss.19A(6), 19B(6), 19C(8); 1993 s.15 (part).
(4)1986 ss.19A(7), 19B(7); 1993 s.15 (part).
25(1)1986 s.7(1); 1993 s.13(3).
(2)1986 s.7(6); 1993 s.13(5) (part).
(3)1986 s.7(2); 1993 s.13(4).
(4)1986 s.7(3).
(5)1986 s.7(4), (5); 1988 Sch.5 para.2(b); 1993 s.13(5) (part).
26(1), (2)1986 s.8(1), (2).
(3)1986 s.8(3); drafting.
(4)1986 s.8(4).
(5)1986 s.8(5); 1993 s.13(6).
(6)1986 s.8(5A); 1988 Sch.5 para.3(1).
(7)1986 s.8(6); 1993 s.24(1).
(8)1986 s.8(7).
(9)1986 s.8(8) (part); 1987 s.45(7)(b)(i) (part).
(10)1986 s.8(8) (part); 1987 s.45(7)(b)(i) (part).
(11)1986 s.8(9); 1987 s.45(7)(b)(ii).
(12), (13)1986 s.8(10), (11); 1988 Sch.5 para.3(2).
27(1), (2)1986 s.9(1), (2).
(3)1986 s.9(3); 1988 Sch.5 para.4(1).
(4) to (6)1986 s.9(4) to (6).
(7)1986 s.9(7); 1993 s.13(7).
(8)1986 s.9(8); 1988 Sch.5 para.4(2).
(9)1986 s.10(7).
281986 s.10(2) to (6).
29(1)1986 s.11(1); 1993 s.13(8).
(2) to (6)1986 s.11(2) to (6).
(7)1986 s. 11(7); drafting.
(8)1986 s.11(8).
30(1)1986 s.12(1) (part).
(2)1986 s.12(1) (part); 1988 Sch.5 para.6(2); 1993 s.24(2) (part).
(3)1986 s.12(2); 1993 s.24(2) (part).
(4) to (9)1986 s.12(3) to (7); 1988 Sch.5 para.6(3).
31(1)1986 s.13(1); 1993 s.24(2) (part).
(2) to (4)1986 s.13(2) to (4).
(5)1986 s.13(6).
(6)1986 s.13(5).
32(1)1986 s.15(1).
(2)1986 s.15(2), (3); Housing Act 1988 (c. 50) Sch.17 para.71; 1993 s.24(2) (part).
(3), (4)1986 s.15(4), (5).
(5)1986 s.15(6); 1993 s.13(9).
33(1)1986 s.16(1).
(2)1986 s.16(2); 1987 s.45(7)(c)(i); 1988 Sch.5 para.8(2); Housing Act 1988 (c. 50) Sch.17 para.72; 1993 s.24(2) (part).
(3), (4)1986 s.16(3), (4).
(5)1986 s.16(5); 1988 Sch.5 para.8(3); Interpretation Act 1978 (c. 30) s.17(2).
(6)1986 s.16(6); 1993 s.13(10).
(7)1986 s.16(7).
34(1)1986 s.17(1).
(2)1986 s.17(2), (3); 1993 s.24(2) (part).
(3), (4)1986 s.17(4), (5).
35(1), (2)1986 s.17A(1); 1988 Sch.5 para.10 (part).
(3)1986 s.17A(2); 1988 Sch.5 para.10 (part); 1993 s.24(3).
(4)1986 s.17A(3); 1988 Sch.5 para.10 (part).
36(1)1986 s.18(1).
(2)1986 s.18(2); 1993 s.24(4).
37(1) to (5)1986 s.24A(1) to (5); 1987 s.31 (part).
(6)1986 s.24A(6); 1987 s.31 (part); 1993 s.21(2).
38(1)1986 s.25(1); 1988 Sch.5 para.14(1); 1993 s.22(1) (part).
(2), (3)1986 s.25(2), (3).
(4)1986 s.25(3A); 1993 s.22(1) (part).
(5)1986 s.25(4); 1993 s.21(3)(a).
39(1) to (4)1986 s.26(1), (2) (part), (3), (4); 1988 Sch.5 para.15 (part).
(5)1986 s.26(5); 1993 s.21(3)(b).
(6)Drafting.
40(1) to (3).1986 s.26A; 1988 Sch.5 para.15 (part).
(4)Drafting.
41(1)Drafting.
(2)1986 s.38(11).
(3) to (7)1986 s.38(12) to (12D); 1993 s.13(11).
(8)1986 s.38(13); 1988 Sch.5 para.16.
42(1) to (3)1990 s.25(1) to (3).
(4)1990 s.28(1).
(5) to (7)1990 s.25(4) to (6).
(8)1990 s.27.
43(1) to (3)1990 s.26(1) to (3).
(4)1990 s.26(4); 1993 s.25(3).
441990 s.26A; 1993 s.25(1) (part).
451990 s.26B; 1993 s.25(1) (part).
46(1)1990 s.28(2); 1993 s.25(4).
(2)1990 s.28(3).
47(1)1990 s.30(2).
(2)1990 s.30(3); 1993 s.25(5).
48(1)1990 s.29(1) (part).
(2)1990 s.29(1) (part); Criminal Justice (Confiscation) (Northern Ireland) Order 1990, S.I.1990/2588 (N.I. 17), Sch.2 para.9.
(3), (4)1990 s.29(2), (3).
49(1), (2)1990 s.14(1), (2) (part).
(3)1990 s.14(4) (part).
50(1), (2)1986 s.24(1), (2).
(3)1986 s.24(3); 1993 s.18(2).
(4)1986 s.24(4).
(5)1986 s.24(4A); 1993 s.18(3).
511986 s.23A(1) to (8), (10); 1993 s.16(1) (part).
52(1) to (6)1986 s.26B(1) to (6); 1993 s.18(1) (part).
(7)1986 s.26B(7), (8); 1993 s.18(1) (part).
(8), (9)1986 s.26B(9), (10); 1993 s.18(1) (part).
53(1) to (6)1986 s.26C(1) to (6); 1993 s.18(1) (part).
(7)1986 s.26C(9); 1993 s.18(1) (part).
(8)1986 s.26C(7); 1993 s.18(1) (part).
54(1)1986 ss.23A(9), 24(5); 1990 s.14(6); 1993 s.16(1) (part).
(2)1986 ss.26B(11), 26C(8); 1993 s.18(1) (part).
55(1) to (5)1986 s.27(1) to (5).
(6)1986 s.27(10); 1993 s.24(5) (part).
(7), (8)1986 s.27(6), (7).
(9)1986 s.27(8); 1993 s.24(5) (part).
(10)1986 ss.27(9), 38(1) “authorised government department”.
561986 s.28.
571986 s.29.
58(1), (2)1986 s.31(1), (2).
(3), (4)1986 s.31(2A), (2B); 1993 s.26(1).
(5)1986 s.31(3).
59(1) to (12)1986 s.30.
(13)1986 s.38(1) “authorised government department”.
601986 s.36A; 1993 s.20(1).
611986 s.36B; 1990 s.23A (part); 1993 Sch.4 paras.1, 5 (part).
62(1)1986 s.38(1) “property”.
(2)1986 s.38(3).
(3)1986 s.38(1) “interest”.
(4)1986 s.38(8), (9).
(5)1986 s.38(7), (10).
63(1)“constable”: 1986 s.38(1) “constable”.
“defendant”: 1986 s.38(1) “defendant”; 1993 Sch.5 para.6 (part).
“modifications”: 1986 s.26(2) “modifications”; 1988 Sch.5 para.15 (part).
(2)1986 s.38(5).
(3)1986 s.38(4) (part); drafting.
641986 s.38(2); drafting.
65(1)Drafting.
(2)1986 s.39(3).
(3), (4)1986 s.39(5), (6).
66 to 69Drafting.

Footnotes

  1. I1
    Act not in force at Royal Assent; Act wholly in force at 3.2.1995 see s.69(2)
    Act modified (E.W.)(1.9.1995) by S.I. 1995/1967, art. 2(1)
  2. E1
    For extent see s. 68 (and ss. 26, 29, 30)
  3. E2
    S. 11 extends to England and Wales only except that s. 11(11) extends also to Scotland.
  4. F1
    Ss. 1-54 repealed (30.12.2002 for the repeal of ss. 42-48; 24.2.2003 for the repeal of ss. 49-54; 24.3.2003 for the repeal ss. 1-38, 41) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), ss. 456, 457, 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(1)(2)(a), Sch. 12; S.I. 2002/3015, art. 2, Sch. (with art. 3); S.I. 2003/120, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 3-6) (as amended (20.2.2003) by S.I. 2003/333, art. 14); S.I. 2003/333, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 10-13); and ss. 26, 28 amended (13.10.2003) in so far as still in force by Land Registration Act 2002 (c. 9), s. 136(2), Sch. 11 para. 32, Sch. 13 (with s. 129, Sch. 12 para. 1); S.I. 2003/1725, art. 2(1)
  5. F2
    Ss. 1-54 repealed (30.12.2002 for the repeal of ss. 42-48; 24.2.2003 for the repeal of ss. 49-54; 24.3.2003 for the repeal ss. 1-38, 41) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), ss. 456, 457, 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(1)(2)(a), Sch. 12; S.I. 2002/3015, art. 2, Sch. (with art. 3); S.I. 2003/120, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 3-6) (as amended (20.2.2003) by S.I. 2003/333, art. 14); S.I. 2003/333, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 10-13); and ss. 26, 28 amended (13.10.2003) in so far as still in force by Land Registration Act 2002 (c. 9), s. 136(2), Sch. 11 para. 32, Sch. 13 (with s. 129, Sch. 12 para. 1); S.I. 2003/1725, art. 2(1)
  6. F3
    Ss. 1-54 repealed (30.12.2002 for the repeal of ss. 42-48; 24.2.2003 for the repeal of ss. 49-54; 24.3.2003 for the repeal ss. 1-38, 41) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), ss. 456, 457, 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(1)(2)(a), Sch. 12; S.I. 2002/3015, art. 2, Sch. (with art. 3); S.I. 2003/120, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 3-6) (as amended (20.2.2003) by S.I. 2003/333, art. 14); S.I. 2003/333, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 10-13); and ss. 26, 28 amended (13.10.2003) in so far as still in force by Land Registration Act 2002 (c. 9), s. 136(2), Sch. 11 para. 32, Sch. 13 (with s. 129, Sch. 12 para. 1); S.I. 2003/1725, art. 2(1)
  7. F4
    Ss. 1-54 repealed (30.12.2002 for the repeal of ss. 42-48; 24.2.2003 for the repeal of ss. 49-54; 24.3.2003 for the repeal ss. 1-38, 41) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), ss. 456, 457, 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(1)(2)(a), Sch. 12; S.I. 2002/3015, art. 2, Sch. (with art. 3); S.I. 2003/120, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 3-6) (as amended (20.2.2003) by S.I. 2003/333, art. 14); S.I. 2003/333, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 10-13); and ss. 26, 28 amended (13.10.2003) in so far as still in force by Land Registration Act 2002 (c. 9), s. 136(2), Sch. 11 para. 32, Sch. 13 (with s. 129, Sch. 12 para. 1); S.I. 2003/1725, art. 2(1)
  8. F5
    Ss. 1-54 repealed (30.12.2002 for the repeal of ss. 42-48; 24.2.2003 for the repeal of ss. 49-54; 24.3.2003 for the repeal ss. 1-38, 41) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), ss. 456, 457, 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(1)(2)(a), Sch. 12; S.I. 2002/3015, art. 2, Sch. (with art. 3); S.I. 2003/120, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 3-6) (as amended (20.2.2003) by S.I. 2003/333, art. 14); S.I. 2003/333, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 10-13); and ss. 26, 28 amended (13.10.2003) in so far as still in force by Land Registration Act 2002 (c. 9), s. 136(2), Sch. 11 para. 32, Sch. 13 (with s. 129, Sch. 12 para. 1); S.I. 2003/1725, art. 2(1)
  9. F6
    Ss. 1-54 repealed (30.12.2002 for the repeal of ss. 42-48; 24.2.2003 for the repeal of ss. 49-54; 24.3.2003 for the repeal ss. 1-38, 41) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), ss. 456, 457, 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(1)(2)(a), Sch. 12; S.I. 2002/3015, art. 2, Sch. (with art. 3); S.I. 2003/120, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 3-6) (as amended (20.2.2003) by S.I. 2003/333, art. 14); S.I. 2003/333, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 10-13); and ss. 26, 28 amended (13.10.2003) in so far as still in force by Land Registration Act 2002 (c. 9), s. 136(2), Sch. 11 para. 32, Sch. 13 (with s. 129, Sch. 12 para. 1); S.I. 2003/1725, art. 2(1)
  10. F7
    Ss. 1-54 repealed (30.12.2002 for the repeal of ss. 42-48; 24.2.2003 for the repeal of ss. 49-54; 24.3.2003 for the repeal ss. 1-38, 41) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), ss. 456, 457, 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(1)(2)(a), Sch. 12; S.I. 2002/3015, art. 2, Sch. (with art. 3); S.I. 2003/120, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 3-6) (as amended (20.2.2003) by S.I. 2003/333, art. 14); S.I. 2003/333, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 10-13); and ss. 26, 28 amended (13.10.2003) in so far as still in force by Land Registration Act 2002 (c. 9), s. 136(2), Sch. 11 para. 32, Sch. 13 (with s. 129, Sch. 12 para. 1); S.I. 2003/1725, art. 2(1)
  11. C1
    S. 55 applied (with modifications) (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, arts. 3(2), 4-6, Sch. 1
    S. 55 modified (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, art. 3(2), Sch. 3
  12. M1
    1947 c. 44.
  13. C2
    S. 56 applied (with modifications) (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, arts. 3(2), 4-6, Sch. 1
    S. 56 modified (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, art. 3(2), Sch. 3
  14. C3
    S. 56(5): Power of seizure extended (prosp.) by 2001 c. 16, ss. 50, 52-54, 68, 138(2), Sch. 1 Pt. 1 para. 59
    S. 56(5) modified (prosp.) by 2001 c. 16, ss. 55, 57(3), 68, 138(2), Sch. 1 Pt.3 para. 108
  15. C4
    S. 57 applied (with modifications) (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, arts. 3(2), 4-6, Sch. 1
    S. 57 modified (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, art. 3(2), Sch. 3
  16. M2
    1984 c. 60.
  17. C5
    S. 58 applied (with modifications) (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, arts. 3(2), 4-6, Sch. 1
    S. 58 modified (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, art. 3(2), Sch. 3
  18. C6
    S. 59 applied (with modifications) (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, arts. 3(2), 4-6, Sch. 1
    S. 59 modified (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, art. 3(2), Sch. 3
  19. E3
    S. 59 extends to England and Wales only except that s. 59(10)-(13) extend also to Scotland.
  20. M3
    1947 c. 44.
  21. C7
    S. 60 applied (with modifications) (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, arts. 3(2), 4-6, Sch. 1
    S. 60 modified (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, art. 3(2), Sch. 3
  22. M4
    1979 c. 2.
  23. C8
    S. 61 applied (with modifications) (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, arts. 3(2), 4-6, Sch. 1
    S. 61 modified (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, art. 3(2), Sch. 3
  24. C9
    S. 63 applied (with modifications) (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, arts. 3(2), 4-6, Sch. 1
    S. 63 modified (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, art. 3(2), Sch. 3
  25. C10
    S. 65 applied (with modifications) (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, arts. 3(2), 4-6, Sch. 1
    S. 65 modified (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, art. 3(2), Sch. 3
  26. E4
    S. 65(1) extends to Scotland and Northern Ireland see s. 68(1)-(3); s. 65(2)-(4) have the same extent as the enactments to which they relate see s.68(5).
  27. M5
    1974 c. 53.
  28. M6
    1986 c. 45.
  29. C11
    S. 66 applied (with modifications) (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, arts. 3(2), 4-6, Sch. 1
    S. 66 modified (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, art. 3(2), Sch. 3
  30. M7
    1978 c. 30.
  31. M8
    1986 c. 32.
  32. C12
    S. 67 applied (with modifications) (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, arts. 3(2), 4-6, Sch. 1
    S. 67 modified (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, art. 3(2), Sch. 3
  33. E5
    S. 67(1) extends to Scotland and Northern Ireland see s. 68(2)(3); s. 67(2) extends to Northern Ireland only see 68(4).
  34. M9
    S.I. 1990/2588 (N.I. 17).
  35. M10
    1990 c. 5.
  36. C13
    S. 68 applied (with modifications) (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, arts. 3(2), 4-6, Sch. 1
    S. 68 modified (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, art. 3(2), Sch. 3
  37. M11
    1990 c. 5.
  38. M12
    1993 c. 36.
  39. C14
    S. 69 applied (with modifications) (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, arts. 3(2), 4-6, Sch. 1
    S. 69 modified (E.W.) (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, art. 3(2), Sch. 3
  40. C15
    Part IV (ss. 55-69) applied with modifications (1.1.1997) by S.I. 1996/2880, arts. 3-6, Schs. 1-3 (as amended by S.I. 1997/2980, arts. 2-5, Sch.)
  41. M13
    1993 c. 36.
  42. M14
    1975 c. 21.
  43. E6
    Sch. 1 amendments as specified therein have the same extent as the enactments to which they relate.
  44. M15
    1978 c. 30.
  45. M16
    1986 c. 45.
  46. M17
    1914 c. 59.
  47. M18
    1985 c. 6.
  48. M19
    1990 c. 5.
  49. M20
    1993 c. 36.
  50. M21
    1986 c. 32.
  51. M22
    1987 c. 41.
  52. F8
    S. 59A inserted (24.2.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(4); S.I. 2003/120, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 3, 4) (as amended (20.2.2003) by S.I. 2003/333, art. 14)
  53. F9
    Words in s. 55(4)(a) repealed (24.2.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(2)(b), Sch. 12; S.I. 2003/120, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 3, 4) (as amended (20.2.2003) by S.I. 2003/333, art. 14)
  54. F10
    Words in s. 56(3)(a) repealed (24.2.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(2)(b), Sch. 12; S.I. 2003/120, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 3, 4) (as amended (20.2.2003) by S.I. 2003/333, art. 14)
  55. F11
    Words in s. 56(4)(a) repealed (24.2.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(2)(b), Sch. 12; S.I. 2003/120, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 3, 4) (as amended (20.2.2003) by S.I. 2003/333, art. 14)
  56. F12
    Words in s. 59(12)(b) substituted (24.2.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(3); S.I. 2003/120, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 3, 4) (as amended (20.2.2003) by S.I. 2003/333, art. 14)
  57. F13
    Words in s. 59(11) repealed (24.2.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(2)(c), Sch. 12; S.I. 2003/120, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 3, 4) (as amended (20.2.2003) by S.I. 2003/333, art. 14)
  58. F14
    S. 59(1)-(10) repealed (24.2.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(2)(c), Sch. 12; S.I. 2003/120, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 3, 4) (as amended (20.2.2003) by S.I. 2003/333, art. 14)
  59. F15
    Words in s. 61(1) substituted (24.2.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(6); S.I. 2003/120, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 3, 4) (as amended (20.2.2003) by S.I. 2003/333, art. 14)
  60. F16
    S. 61(2)-(4) repealed (24.2.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(2)(g), Sch. 12; S.I. 2003/120, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 3, 4) (as amended (20.2.2003) by S.I. 2003/333, art. 14)
  61. F17
    Word in s. 68(2)(d) substituted (24.2.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(7); S.I. 2003/120, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 3, 4) (as amended (20.2.2003) by S.I. 2003/333, art. 14)
  62. F18
    S. 60(6A)(6B) inserted (24.2.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(5); S.I. 2003/120, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 3, 4) (as amended (20.2.2003) by S.I. 2003/333, art. 14)
  63. F19
    Words in s. 60(6) repealed (24.2.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(2)(d), Sch. 12; S.I. 2003/120, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 3, 4) (as amended (20.2.2003) by S.I. 2003/333, art. 14)
  64. F20
    Words in s. 60(6) repealed (24.2.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(2)(e), Sch. 12; S.I. 2003/120, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 3, 4) (as amended (20.2.2003) by S.I. 2003/333, art. 14)
  65. F21
    S. 60(7)(8) repealed (24.2.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(2)(f), Sch. 12; S.I. 2003/120, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 3, 4) (as amended (20.2.2003) by S.I. 2003/333, art. 14)
  66. F22
    Ss. 1-54 repealed (30.12.2002 for the repeal of ss. 42-48; 24.2.2003 for the repeal of ss. 49-54; 24.3.2003 for the repeal ss. 1-38, 41) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), ss. 456, 457, 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(1)(2)(a), Sch. 12; S.I. 2002/3015, art. 2, Sch. (with art. 3); S.I. 2003/120, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 3-6) (as amended (20.2.2003) by S.I. 2003/333, art. 14); S.I. 2003/333, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 10-13); and ss. 26, 28 amended (13.10.2003) in so far as still in force by Land Registration Act 2002 (c. 9), s. 136(2), Sch. 11 para. 32, Sch. 13 (with s. 129, Sch. 12 para. 1); S.I. 2003/1725, art. 2(1)
  67. F23
    S. 62 repealed (24.3.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(2)(h), Sch. 12; S.I. 2003/333, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 10-13)
  68. F24
    S. 63(1)(2) repealed (24.3.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(2)(h), Sch. 12; S.I. 2003/333, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 10-13)
  69. F25
    S. 63(3)(a) repealed (24.3.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(2)(h), Sch. 12; S.I. 2003/333, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 10-13)
  70. F26
    S. 64 repealed (24.3.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(2)(h), Sch. 12; S.I. 2003/333, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 10-13)
  71. F27
    S. 68(3)(a) repealed (24.3.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(2)(j), Sch. 12; S.I. 2003/333, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 10-13)
  72. F28
    Word in s. 68(3)(d) repealed (24.3.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(2)(j), Sch. 12; S.I. 2003/333, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 10-13)
  73. F29
    Words in s. 68(2)(g) repealed (24.3.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(2)(i), Sch. 12; S.I. 2003/333, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 10-13)
  74. F30
    S. 68(2)(a)-(c) repealed (24.3.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 25(2)(i), Sch. 12; S.I. 2003/333, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 10-13)
  75. F31
    Sch. 1 para. 3 repealed (24.3.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 12; S.I. 2003/333, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 10-13)
  76. F32
    Sch. 1 para. 4(a) repealed (24.3.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 12; S.I. 2003/333, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 10-13)
  77. F33
    Sch. 1 para. 8 repealed (24.3.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 12; S.I. 2003/333, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 10-13)
  78. F34
    Sch. 1 para. 21 repealed (24.3.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 12; S.I. 2003/333, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 10-13)
  79. F35
    Sch. 1 para. 26 repealed (24.3.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 12; S.I. 2003/333, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 10-13)
  80. C16
    S. 56(5) powers of seizure extended (1.4.2003) by Criminal Justice and Police Act 2001 (c. 16), ss. 50, 138(2), Sch. 1 para. 59 (with ss. 52-54, 68); S.I. 2003/708, art. 2(a)
  81. C17
    S. 56(5) modified (1.4.2003) by Criminal Justice and Police Act 2001 (c. 16), ss. 55, 138(2), Sch. 1 para. 108 (with ss. 57(3), 68); S.I. 2003/708, art. 2(a)
  82. F36
    Sch. 1 para. 1 repealed (13.10.2003) by Land Registration Act 2002 (c. 9), s. 136(2), Sch. 13 (with s. 129, Sch. 12 para. 1); S.I. 2003/1725, art. 2(1)
  83. F37
    Words in s. 55(7) substituted (1.9.2004) by Courts Act 2003 (c. 39), s. 110(1), Sch. 8 para. 364; S.I. 2004/2066, art. 2(c)(xvii) (with art. 3)
  84. F38
    S. 60 heading substituted (18.4.2005) by Commissioners for Revenue and Customs Act 2005 (c. 11), s. 53(1), Sch. 4 para. 59(f); S.I. 2005/1126, art. 2(2)(h)
  85. F39
    Words in s. 60(1) substituted (18.4.2005) by Commissioners for Revenue and Customs Act 2005 (c. 11), s. 53(1), Sch. 4 para. 59(a); S.I. 2005/1126, art. 2(2)(h)
  86. F40
    Words in s. 60(2) substituted (18.4.2005) by Commissioners for Revenue and Customs Act 2005 (c. 11), s. 53(1), Sch. 4 para. 59(b)(i); S.I. 2005/1126, art. 2(2)(h)
  87. F41
    Words in s. 60(2) inserted (18.4.2005) by Commissioners for Revenue and Customs Act 2005 (c. 11), s. 53(1), Sch. 4 para. 59(b)(ii); S.I. 2005/1126, art. 2(2)(h)
  88. F42
    S. 60(3) repealed (18.4.2005) by Commissioners for Revenue and Customs Act 2005 (c. 11), s. 53(1), Sch. 4 para. 59(c), Sch. 5; S.I. 2005/1126, art. 2(2)(h)(i)
  89. F43
    Words in s. 60(5)(b) substituted (18.4.2005) by Commissioners for Revenue and Customs Act 2005 (c. 11), s. 53(1), Sch. 4 para. 59(d); S.I. 2005/1126, art. 2(2)(h)
  90. F44
    Words in s. 60(6) repealed (18.4.2005) by Commissioners for Revenue and Customs Act 2005 (c. 11), s. 53(1), Sch. 4 para. 59(e), Sch. 5; S.I. 2005/1126, art. 2(2)(h)(i)
  91. F45
    Words in Sch. 1 para. 25 repealed (1.7.2005) by Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 (c. 15), s. 178(8), Sch. 17 Pt. 2; S.I. 2005/1521, art. 3(1)(ee)
  92. F46
    Sch. 1 para. 9 repealed (1.1.2006) by Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 (c. 15), s. 178(8), Sch. 17 Pt. 2; S.I. 2005/3495, art. 2(1)(u)
  93. C18
    S. 60(6)(b) modified (1.10.2008) by Serious Crime Act 2007 (c. 27), s. 94(1), Sch. 6 para. 25 (with Sch. 13 para. 5); S.I. 2008/2504, art. 2(a)
  94. F47
    Words in s. 60(1) substituted (27.3.2014) by The Public Bodies (Merger of the Director of Public Prosecutions and the Director of Revenue and Customs Prosecutions) Order 2014 (S.I. 2014/834), art. 1(1), Sch. 2 para. 9
  95. F48
    S. 65(4) repealed (30.11.2016) by The Bankruptcy (Scotland) Act 2016 (Consequential Provisions and Modifications) Order 2016 (S.I. 2016/1034), art. 1, Sch. 2 Pt. 1
  96. F49
    Sch. 1 para. 10 repealed (30.11.2016) by The Bankruptcy (Scotland) Act 2016 (Consequential Provisions and Modifications) Order 2016 (S.I. 2016/1034), art. 1, Sch. 2 Pt. 1