An Act to prevent the exploitation of children by making indecent photographs of them; and to penalise the distribution, showing and advertisement of such indecent photographs.
1Subject to sections 1A and 1B, it is an offence for a person—ato take, or permit to be taken or to make, any indecent photograph or pseudo-photograph of a child F2. . .; orbto distribute or show such indecent photographs or pseudo-photographs; orcto have in his possession such indecent photographs or pseudo-photographs, with a view to their being distributed or shown by himself or others; ordto publish or cause to be published any advertisement likely to be understood as conveying that the advertiser distributes or shows such indecent photographs or pseudo-photographs, or intends to do so.2For purposes of this Act, a person is to be regarded as distributing an indecent photograph or pseudo-photograph if he parts with possession of it to, or exposes or offers it for acquisition by, another person.C13Proceedings for an offence under this Act shall not be instituted except by or with the consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions.4Where a person is charged with an offence under subsection (1)(b) or (c), it shall be a defence for him to prove—athat he had a legitimate reason for distributing or showing the photographs or pseudo-photographs or (as the case may be) having them in his possession; orbthat he had not himself seen the photographs or pseudo-photographs and did not know, nor had any cause to suspect, them to be indecent.5References in the M1Children and Young Persons Act 1933 (except in sections 15 and 99) to the offences mentioned in Schedule 1 to that Act shall include an offence under subsection (1)(a) above.6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F6C27In paragraph 1 of the Schedule of Visiting Forces Act 1952 (offences against the person in the case of which a member of a visiting force is in certain circumstances not liable to be tried by a United Kingdom court), after sub-paragraph (b)(viii)
(inserted by the Sexual Offences Act 1956) there shall be added—
1This section applies where, in proceedings for an offence under section 1(1)(a) of taking or making an indecent photograph or pseudo-photograph of a child, or for an offence under section 1(1)(b) or (c) relating to an indecent photograph or pseudo-photograph of a child, the defendant proves that the photograph or pseudo-photograph was of the child aged 16 or over, and that at the time of the offence charged the child and he—awere married or civil partners of each other, orblived together as partners in an enduring family relationship.2Subsections (5) and (6) also apply where, in proceedings for an offence under section 1(1)(b) or (c) relating to an indecent photograph or pseudo-photograph of a child, the defendant proves that the photograph or pseudo-photograph was of the child aged 16 or over, and that at the time when he obtained it the child and he—awere married or civil partners of each other, orblived together as partners in an enduring family relationship.3This section applies whether the photograph or pseudo-photograph showed the child alone or with the defendant, but not if it showed any other person.4In the case of an offence under section 1(1)(a), if sufficient evidence is adduced to raise an issue as to whether the child consented to the photograph or pseudo-photograph being taken or made, or as to whether the defendant reasonably believed that the child so consented, the defendant is not guilty of the offence unless it is proved that the child did not so consent and that the defendant did not reasonably believe that the child so consented.5In the case of an offence under section 1(1)(b), the defendant is not guilty of the offence unless it is proved that the showing or distributing was to a person other than the child.6In the case of an offence under section 1(1)(c), if sufficient evidence is adduced to raise an issue both—aas to whether the child consented to the photograph or pseudo-photograph being in the defendant’s possession, or as to whether the defendant reasonably believed that the child so consented, andbas to whether the defendant had the photograph or pseudo-photograph in his possession with a view to its being distributed or shown to anyone other than the child,the defendant is not guilty of the offence unless it is proved either that the child did not so consent and that the defendant did not reasonably believe that the child so consented, or that the defendant had the photograph or pseudo-photograph in his possession with a view to its being distributed or shown to a person other than the child.
1B
Exception for criminal proceedings, investigations
etc.¶
1In proceedings for an offence under section 1(1)(a) of making an indecent photograph or pseudo-photograph of a child, the defendant is not guilty of the offence if the defendant proves that—ait was necessary for the defendant to make the photograph or pseudo-photograph for the purposes of the prevention, detection or investigation of crime, or for the purposes of criminal proceedings, in any part of the world,bat the time of the offence charged the defendant was a member of the Security Service or the Secret Intelligence Service, and it was necessary for the defendant to make the photograph or pseudo-photograph for the exercise of any of the functions of that Service, F38...c
at the time of the offence charged the defendant was a member of
GCHQ
, and it was necessary for the defendant to make the photograph or pseudo-photograph for the exercise of any of the functions of GCHQ, ordthe defendant—iwas at the time of the offence charged a member of OFCOM, employed or engaged by OFCOM, or assisting OFCOM in the exercise of any of their online safety functions (within the meaning of section 235 of the Online Safety Act 2023), andiimade the photograph or pseudo-photograph for the purposes of OFCOM’s exercise of any of those functions.2
In this section “
GCHQ
” has the same meaning as in the Intelligence Services Act 1994.
3In this section “OFCOM” means the Office of Communications.
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F72. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F8C33In proceedings under this Act relating to indecent photographs of children a person is to be taken as having been a child at any material time if it appears from the evidence as a whole that he was then under the age of 18.
1Where a body corporate is guilty of an offence under this Act and it is proved that the offence occurred with the consent or connivance of, or was attributable to any neglect on the part of, any director, manager, secretary or other officer of the body, or any person who was purporting to act in any such capacity he, as well as the body corporate, shall be deemed to be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.2Where the affairs of a body corporate are managed by its members, subsection (1) shall apply in relation to the acts and defaults of a member in connection with his functions of management as if he were a director of the body corporate.
1The following applies where a justice of the peace is satisfied by information on oath, laid by or on behalf of the Director of Public Prosecutions or by a constable, that there is reasonable ground for suspecting that, in any premises F25..., there is an indecent photograph or pseudo-photograph of a child.C5C11C122The justice may issue a warrant under his hand authorising any constable to enter (if need be by force) and search the premises F12. . ., and to seize and remove any articles which he believes (with reasonable cause) to be or include indecent photographs or pseudo-photographs of children . . . F14.F29C6C103. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
In this section “
premises
” has the same meaning as in the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (see section 23 of that Act).
1Offences under this Act shall be punishable either on conviction on indictment or on summary conviction.2A person convicted on indictment of any offence under this Act shall be liable to imprisonment for a term of not more than ten years, or to a fine or to both.3A person convicted summarily of any offence under this Act shall be liable—ato imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months; orbto a fine not exceeding the prescribed sum for the purposes of section 32 of the Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (punishment on summary conviction of offences triable either way: £1,000 or other sum substituted by order under that Act), or to both.
1The following subsections apply for the interpretation of this Act.2References to an indecent photograph include an indecent film, a copy of an indecent photograph or film, and an indecent photograph comprised in a film.3Photographs (including those comprised in a film) shall, if they show children and are indecent, be treated for all purposes of this Act as indecent photographs of children and so as respects pseudo-photographs.C9
4
References to a photograph include—athe negative as well as the positive version; andbdata stored on a computer disc or by other electronic means which is capable of conversion into a photograph.4AReferences to a photograph also include—aa tracing or other image, whether made by electronic or other means (of whatever nature)—iwhich is not itself a photograph or pseudo-photograph, butiiwhich is derived from the whole or part of a photograph or pseudo-photograph (or a combination of either or both); andbdata stored on a computer disc or by other electronic means which is capable of conversion into an image within paragraph (a);and subsection (8) applies in relation to such an image as it applies in relation to a pseudo-photograph.5“Film” includes any form of video-recording.6“Child”, subject to subsection (8), means a person under the age of 18.C9
7
“
Pseudo-photograph
” means an image, whether made by computer-graphics or otherwise howsoever, which appears to be a photograph.
8If the impression conveyed by a pseudo-photograph is that the person shown is a child, the pseudo-photograph shall be treated for all purposes of this Act as showing a child and so shall a pseudo-photograph where the predominant impression conveyed is that the person shown is a child notwithstanding that some of the physical characteristics shown are those of an adult.9References to an indecent pseudo-photograph include—aa copy of an indecent pseudo-photograph; andbdata stored on a computer disc or by other electronic means which is capable of conversion into an indecent pseudo-photograph.
An Order in Council under paragraph 1(1)(b) of Schedule 1 to the M2Northern Ireland Act 1974 (legislation for Northern Ireland in the interim period) which contains a statement that it operates only so as to make for Northern Ireland provision corresponding to this Act—ashall not be subject to paragraph 1(4) and (5) of that Schedule (affirmative resolution of both Houses of Parliament); butbshall be subject to annulment by a resolution of either House.
1This Act may be cited as the Protection of Children Act 1978.2This Act except section 1(6) shall not extend to Scotland and except for that subsection, and subject also to section 8 shall not extend to Northern Ireland.3Section 8 of this Act shall come into force forthwith, but otherwise this Act shall come into force at the expiration of one month beginning with the date it is passed.
11This Schedule applies where—aproperty which has been lawfully seized in England and Wales is in the custody of a constable,bignoring this Schedule, there is no legitimate reason for the constable to retain custody of the property,cthe constable is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for believing that the property is or is likely to be forfeitable property, anddignoring this Schedule, the constable is not aware of any person who has a legitimate reason for possessing the property or any readily separable part of it.2The following property is “forfeitable property”—aany indecent photograph or pseudo-photograph of a child;bany property which it is not reasonably practicable to separate from any property within paragraph (a).3For the purposes of this paragraph—aa part of any property is a “readily separable part” of the property if, in all the circumstances, it is reasonably practicable for it to be separated from the remainder of that property, andbit is reasonably practicable for a part of any property to be separated from the remainder if it is reasonably practicable to separate it without prejudicing the remainder of the property or another part of it.4The circumstances mentioned in sub-paragraph (3)(a) include the time and costs involved in separating the property.
21The property must be retained in the custody of a constable until it is returned or otherwise disposed of in accordance with this Schedule.2Nothing in the Police (Property) Act 1897 (property seized in the investigation of an offence) applies to property held under this Schedule.
41The relevant officer must give notice of the intended forfeiture of the property (“notice of intended forfeiture”) to—aevery person whom he believes to have been the owner of the property, or one of its owners, at the time of the seizure of the property,bwhere the property was seized from premises, every person whom the relevant officer believes to have been an occupier of the premises at that time, andcwhere the property was seized as a result of a search of any person, that person.2The notice of intended forfeiture must set out—aa description of the property, andbhow a person may give a notice of claim under this Schedule and the period within which such a notice must be given.3The notice of intended forfeiture may be given to a person only by—adelivering it to him personally,baddressing it to him and leaving it for him at the appropriate address, orcaddressing it to him and sending it to him at that address by post.4But a notice given in accordance with sub-paragraph (1)(b) may, where it is not practicable to give the notice in accordance with sub-paragraph (3), be given by—aaddressing it to “the occupier” of those premises, without naming him, andbleaving it for him at those premises or sending it to him at those premises by post.5Property may be treated or condemned as forfeited under this Schedule only if—athe requirements of this paragraph have been complied with in the case of the property, orbit was not reasonably practicable for them to be complied with.6In this paragraph “the appropriate address”, in relation to a person, means—ain the case of a body corporate, its registered or principal office in the United Kingdom;bin the case of a firm, the principal office of the partnership;cin the case of an unincorporated body or association, the principal office of the body or association;din any other case, his usual or last known place of residence in the United Kingdom or his last known place of business in the United Kingdom.7In the case of—aa company registered outside the United Kingdom,ba firm carrying on business outside the United Kingdom, orcan unincorporated body or association with offices outside the United Kingdom,the references in this paragraph to its principal office include references to its principal office within the United Kingdom (if any).
51A person claiming that he has a legitimate reason for possessing the property or a part of it may give notice of his claim to a constable at any police station in the police area in which the property was seized.2Oral notice is not sufficient for these purposes.61A notice of claim may not be given more than one month after—athe date of the giving of the notice of intended forfeiture, orbif no such notice has been given, the date on which the property began to be retained under this Schedule (see paragraph 2).2A notice of claim must specify—athe name and address of the claimant;ba description of the property, or part of it, in respect of which the claim is made;cin the case of a claimant who is outside the United Kingdom, the name and address of a solicitor in the United Kingdom who is authorised to accept service, and to act, on behalf of the claimant.3Service upon a solicitor so specified is to be taken to be service on the claimant for the purposes of any proceedings by virtue of this Schedule.4In a case in which notice of intended forfeiture was given to different persons on different days, the reference in this paragraph to the day on which that notice was given is a reference—ain relation to a person to whom notice of intended forfeiture was given, to the day on which that notice was given to that person, andbin relation to any other person, to the day on which notice of intended forfeiture was given to the last person to be given such a notice.
Automatic forfeiture in a case where no claim is made¶
71If the property is unclaimed it is treated as forfeited.2The property is “unclaimed” if, by the end of the period for the giving of a notice of claim—ano such notice has been given in relation to it or any part of it, orbthe requirements of paragraphs 5 and 6 have not been complied with in relation to the only notice or notices of claim that have been given.3Sub-paragraph (1) applies in relation to a readily separable part of the property as it applies in relation to the property, and for this purpose sub-paragraph (2) applies as if references to the property were to the part.4In this paragraph “readily separable part” has the meaning given by paragraph 1.
Decision whether to take court proceedings to condemn property as forfeited¶
81Where a notice of claim in respect of the property, or a part of it, is duly given in accordance with paragraphs 5 and 6, the relevant officer must decide whether to take proceedings to ask the court to condemn the property or a part of it as forfeited.2The decision whether to take such proceedings must be made as soon as reasonably practicable after the giving of the notice of claim.
91This paragraph applies if, in a case in which a notice of claim has been given, the relevant officer decides—anot to take proceedings for condemnation of the property, orbnot to take proceedings for condemnation of a part of the property.2The relevant officer must return the property or part to the person who appears to him to have a legitimate reason for possessing the property or, if there is more than one such person, to one of those persons.3Any property required to be returned in accordance with sub-paragraph (2) must be returned as soon as reasonably practicable after the decision not to take proceedings for condemnation.
101This paragraph applies if, in a case in which a notice of claim has been given, the relevant officer decides to take proceedings for condemnation of the property or a part of it (“the relevant property”).2The court must condemn the relevant property if it is satisfied—athat the relevant property is forfeitable property, andbthat no-one who has given a notice of claim has a legitimate reason for possessing the relevant property.This is subject to sub-paragraphs (5) and (7).3If the court is not satisfied that the relevant property is forfeitable property, the court must order its return to the person who appears to the court to have a legitimate reason for possessing it or, if there is more than one such person, to one of those persons.4If the court is satisfied—athat the relevant property is forfeitable property, andbthat a person who has given a notice of claim has a legitimate reason for possessing the relevant property, or that more than one such person has such a reason,the court must order the return of the relevant property to that person or, as the case may be, to one of those persons.5Where the court is satisfied that any part of the relevant property is a separable part, sub-paragraphs (2) to (4) apply separately in relation to each separable part of the relevant property as if references to the relevant property were references to the separable part.6For this purpose a part of any property is a “separable part” of the property if—ait can be separated from the remainder of that property, andbwhere a person has a legitimate reason for possessing the remainder of that property or any part of it, the separation will not prejudice the remainder or part.7Where the court is satisfied—athat a person who has given a notice of claim has a legitimate reason for possessing part of the relevant property, andbthat, although the part is not a separable part within the meaning given by sub-paragraph (6), it can be separated from the remainder of the relevant property,the court may order the return of that part to that person.8Sub-paragraph (7) does not apply to any property required to be returned to a person under sub-paragraph (4).
111Where the court condemns property under paragraph 10(2)—ait may order the relevant officer to take such steps in relation to the property or any part of it as it thinks appropriate, andbwhere it orders a step to be taken, it may make that order conditional on specified costs relating to the taking of that step being paid by a specified person within a specified period.2A court order under paragraph 10(3), (4), (5) or (7) requiring the return of a part of the relevant property to a person may be made conditional on specified costs relating to the separation of the part from the remainder of the relevant property being paid by that person within a specified period.3Where the court makes an order under paragraph 10(7) for the return of a part of the relevant property—ait may order the relevant officer to take such steps as it thinks appropriate in relation to any property which will be prejudiced by the separation of that part, andbwhere it orders a step to be taken, it may make that order conditional on specified costs relating to the taking of that step being paid by a specified person within a specified period.4For the purposes of this paragraph “specified” means specified in, or determined in accordance with, the court order.
Supplementary provision about forfeiture proceedings¶
12Proceedings by virtue of this Schedule are civil proceedings and may be instituted in a magistrates' court which has jurisdiction in relation to the place where the property to which the proceedings relate was seized.131Either party may appeal against the decision of the magistrates' court to the Crown Court.2This paragraph does not affect any right to require the statement of a case for the opinion of the High Court.14Where an appeal has been made (whether by case stated or otherwise) against the decision of the magistrates' court in proceedings by virtue of this Schedule in relation to property, the property is to be left in the custody of a constable pending the final determination of the matter.
15Where property is treated or condemned as forfeited under this Schedule the forfeiture is to be treated as having taken effect as from the time of the seizure.
161This paragraph applies where any property is required to be returned to a person under this Schedule.2If—athe property is (without having been returned) still in the custody of the relevant officer after the end of the period of 12 months beginning with the day on which the requirement to return it arose, andbit is not practicable to dispose of it by returning it immediately to the person to whom it is required to be returned,the relevant officer may dispose of it in any manner he thinks fit.171This paragraph applies where any property would be required to be returned to a person under this Schedule but for a failure to satisfy a condition imposed by virtue of paragraph 11(2) (return of property conditional on payment of costs within specified period).2The relevant officer may dispose of the property in any manner he thinks fit.
18In proceedings under this Schedule, the fact, form and manner of the seizure are to be taken, without further evidence and unless the contrary is shown, to have been as set forth in the process.19In proceedings, the condemnation by a court of property as forfeited under this Schedule may be proved by the production of either—athe order of condemnation, orba certified copy of the order purporting to be signed by an officer of the court by which the order was made or granted.
20Neither the imposition of a requirement by virtue of this Schedule to return property to a person nor the return of it to a person in accordance with such a requirement affects—athe rights in relation to that property, or any part of it, of any other person, orbthe right of any other person to enforce his rights against the person to whom it is returned.
“the court” is to be construed in accordance with paragraph 12;
“forfeitable property” is to be construed in accordance with paragraph 1(2);
“premises” has the same meaning as in the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (see section 23 of that Act); and
“the relevant officer” is to be construed in accordance with paragraph 3.
2For the purposes of this Schedule the circumstances in which a person (“P”) has a legitimate reason for possessing an indecent photograph of a child (“C”) include where—athe photograph was of C aged 16 or over,bone or both of the following sub-paragraphs apply—iP and C are married, are civil partners of each other or are living together as partners in an enduring family relationship,iiP and C were married, were civil partners of each other or were so living together at the time P obtained the photograph,cthe photograph shows C alone or with P, but does not show any other person,dC has consented to the photograph being in P's possession (and that consent has not been withdrawn), andeP owns, or is authorised (directly or indirectly) by the owner, to possess the photograph.
Footnotes
F1
Words in s. 1(1)(a) inserted (3.2.1995) by 1994 c. 33, s. 84(2)(a); S.I. 1995/127, art. 2(1), Sch1
F2
Words in s. 1(1)(a) repealed (3.2.1995) by 1994 c. 33, ss. 84(2)(a), 168(3), Sch.11; S.I. 1995/127, art. 2(1), Sch1
F3
Words in s. 1(1)(b)-(d) inserted (3.2.1995) by 1994 c. 33, s. 84(2)(b); S.I. 1995/127, art. 2(1), Sch1
F4
Words in s. 1(2) inserted (3.2.1995) by 1994 c. 33, s. 84(2)(c); S.I. 1995/127, art. 2(1), Sch 1
Words in s. 1(4)(a)(b) inserted (3.2.1995) by 1994 c. 33, s. 84(2)(d); S.I. 1995/127, art. 2(1), Sch1
M1
1933 c. 12.
F6
S. 1(6) repealed by Extradition Act 1989 (c. 33, SIF 48), s. 37, Sch. 2
C2
The text of s. 1(7) is in the form in which it was originally enacted: it was not reproduced in Statutes in Force and does not reflect any amendments or repeals which may have been made prior to 1.2.1991.
F7
S. 2(1) repealed by Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (c. 60, SIF 95), s. 119(2), Sch. 7 Pt. V
F8
S. 2(2) repealed by Magistrates' Courts Act 1980 (c. 43, SIF 82), Sch. 9
Words in s. 7(3) inserted (3.2.1995) by 1994 c. 33, s. 84(3)(a); S.I. 1995/127, art. 2(1), Sch1
F18
S. 7(4) substituted (3.2.1995) by 1994 c. 33, s. 84(3)(b); S.I. 1995/127, art. 2(1), Sch 1
C9
S. 7(4)(7) applied (prosp.) by 1997 c. 39, ss. 2(1), 11(2) (with ss. 1(4), 11(3))
F19
S. 7(6)-(9) inserted (3.2.1995) by 1994 c. 33, s. 84(3)(c); S.I. 1995/127, art. 2(1), Sch1
M2
1974 c. 28.
C10
S. 4(3)(5) applied (1.4.2003) by Criminal Justice and Police Act 2001 (c. 16), s. 138(2), Sch. 2 para. 10(2)(b); S.I. 2003/708, art. 2(k); S.I. 2003/708, art. 2(k)
C11
S. 4(2) powers of seizure extended (1.4.2003) by Criminal Justice and Police Act 2001 (c. 16), ss. 50, 138(2), Sch. 1 para. 21 (with ss. 52-54, 68); S.I. 2003/708, art. 2(a)
C12
S. 4(2) modified (1.4.2003) by Criminal Justice and Police Act 2001 (c. 16), ss. 55, 138(2), Sch. 1 para. 98 (with ss. 57(3), 68); S.I. 2003/708, art. 2(a)
C13
S. 7 applied (1.5.2004 for E.W.N.I., 1.5.2004 for S.) by
Sexual Offences Act 2003 (c. 42)
,
s. 141
,
Sch. 3 para. 97(b)
;
S.S.I. 2004/138
,
art. 2
;
S.I. 2004/874
,
art. 2
;
S.S.I. 2004/138
,
art. 2
;
S.I. 2004/874
,
art. 2
F20
S. 1A inserted (1.5.2004) by Sexual Offences Act 2003 (c. 42), ss. 45(3), 141; S.I. 2004/874, art. 2
F21
S. 1B
inserted (1.5.2004) by
Sexual Offences Act 2003 (c. 42)
,
ss. 46(1)
,
141
;
S.I. 2004/874
,
art. 2
F22
Words in s. 1(1) inserted (1.5.2004) by Sexual Offences Act 2003 (c. 42), s. 141, Sch. 6 para. 24; S.I. 2004/874, art. 2
F23
Word in s. 2(3) substituted (1.5.2004) by Sexual Offences Act 2003 (c. 42), ss. 45(2), 141; S.I. 2004/874, art. 2
F24
Word in
s. 7(6)
substituted (1.5.2004) by
Sexual Offences Act 2003 (c. 42)
,
ss. 45(2)
,
141
;
S.I. 2004/874
,
art. 2
F25
Words in s. 4(1) omitted (1.4.2005) by virtue of Courts Act 2003 (c. 39), s. 110(1), Sch. 8 para. 199(2), 10; S.I. 2005/910, art. 3(y)
F26
Words in s. 1A(1)(a) inserted (5.12.2005) by Civil Partnership Act 2004 (c. 33), s. 263(10)(b), Sch. 27 para. 60; S.I. 2005/3175, art. 2(2)
F27
Words in s. 1A(2)(a) inserted (5.12.2005) by Civil Partnership Act 2004 (c. 33), s. 263(10)(b), Sch. 27 para. 60; S.I. 2005/3175, art. 2(2)
F28
Sch. inserted (1.4.2008) by Police and Justice Act 2006 (c. 48), ss. 39(45), 53(1), Sch. 11; S.I. 2008/790, art. 2(c)
F29
S. 4(3) omitted (1.4.2008) by virtue of Police and Justice Act 2006 (c. 48), ss. 39(2)(a), 53(1), Sch. 15 Pt. 4; S.I. 2008/790, art. 2(c)
F30
S. 4(4) substituted (1.4.2008) by Police and Justice Act 2006 (c. 48), ss. 39(2)(b), 53(1); S.I. 2008/790, art. 2(c)
F31
S. 5 substituted (1.4.2008) by Police and Justice Act 2006 (c. 48), ss. 39(3), 53(1); S.I. 2008/790, art. 2(c)
F32
Words in s. 1B(1)(b) inserted (8.7.2008) by Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 (c. 4), ss. 69(2)(a), 153(2)(b)
F33
Words in s. 1B(1)(b) substituted (8.7.2008) by Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 (c. 4), ss. 69(2)(b), 153(2)(b)
F34
S. 7(4A) inserted (8.7.2008) by Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 (c. 4), ss. 69(3), 153(2)(b) (with Sch. 27 para. 24(1))
F35
Words in s. 7(9)(b) substituted (8.7.2008) by Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 (c. 4), ss. 69(4), 153(2)(b)
C14
S. 4 applied (6.4.2010) by Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (c. 25), ss. 67(1)(a), 182(5) (with s. 180); S.I. 2010/816, art. 2, Sch. para. 1
C15
Sch. applied (6.4.2010) by Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (c. 25), ss. 67(1)(b), 182(5) (with s. 180, Sch. 22 para. 12(2)); S.I. 2010/816, art. 2, Sch. para. 1
F36
Words in s. 1A inserted (6.4.2010) by Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (c. 25), ss. 69(1), 182(5) (with s. 180, Sch. 22); S.I. 2010/816, art. 2, Sch. para. 2
C16
S. 4 applied (3.5.2015) by Serious Crime Act 2015 (c. 9), ss. 69(5)(a), 88(1); S.I. 2015/820, reg. 2(m)